Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34233097›Full record

Observational studyThe New England journal of medicine2021

Effectiveness of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Chile.

Alejandro Jara, Eduardo A Undurraga, Cecilia González, Fabio Paredes, Tomás Fontecilla, Gonzalo Jara, Alejandra Pizarro, Johanna Acevedo, Katherinne Leo, Francisco Leon and 5 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The New England journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 517 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
517citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
57.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05508477 phase3unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial (Immunobridging Study) of Vaksin Merah Putih - UA SARS-CoV-2 (Vero Cell Inactivated) in Healthy Population Aged 18 Years and Above

TypeinterventionalSponsorDr. Soetomo General HospitalRan2022 to 2023Enrolled4,005ConditionsCOVID-19 Pandemic, COVID-19 VaccinesArmsVaksin Merah Putih - UA SARS-CoV-2 (Vero Cell Inactivated) 5 µg, CoronaVac Biofarma COVID-19 Vaccine
NCT06282692 phase3unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

An Open Label, Phase III Clinical Trial (Immunobridging Study) of INAVAC (Vaksin Merah Putih - UA-SARS CoV-2 (Vero Cell Inactivated)) in Healthy Population Aged 12 to 17 Years Old

TypeinterventionalSponsorDr. Soetomo General HospitalRan2023 to 2024Enrolled400ConditionsCOVID-19 Pandemic, COVID-19 VaccinesArmsINAVAC (Vaksin Merah Putih - UA-SARS CoV-2 (Vero Cell Inactivated) 5 µg
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

517 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 941 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Neutralizing antibodies induced by homologous and heterologous boosters in CoronaVac vaccines in Chile.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2023
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  12. Immunogenicity of a fractional or full third dose of AZD1222 vaccine or BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine after two doses of CoronaVac vaccines against the Delta and Omicron variants.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023
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457 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alejandro JaraFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Eduardo A UndurragaFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).ORCID 0000-0002-4425-1253
Cecilia GonzálezFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Fabio ParedesFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Tomás FontecillaFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Gonzalo JaraFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Alejandra PizarroFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Johanna AcevedoFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Katherinne LeoFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Francisco LeonFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Carlos SansFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Paulina LeightonFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Pamela SuárezFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Heriberto García-EscorzaFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Rafael AraosFrom the Ministry of Health (A.J., C.G., F.P., T.F., G.J., A.P., J.A., K.L., F.L., C.S., P.L., P.S., H.G.-E., R.A.), Facultad de Matemáticas (A.J.) and Escuela de Gobierno (E.A.U.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data (A.J.), Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (E.A.U., R.A.), the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (E.A.U.), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo (R.A.), and the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (R.A.) - all in Santiago, Chile; and the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto (E.A.U.).
Millennium Science Initiative · CL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMass vaccination campaigns to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are occurring in many countries; estimates of vaccine effectiveness are urgently needed to support decision making. A countrywide mass vaccination campaign with the use of an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine (CoronaVac) was conducted in Chile starting on February 2, 2021.

methodsWe used a prospective national cohort, including participants 16 years of age or older who were affiliated with the public national health care system, to assess the effectiveness of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with regard to preventing Covid-19 and related hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and death. We estimated hazard ratios using the extension of the Cox proportional-hazards model, accounting for time-varying vaccination status. We estimated the change in the hazard ratio associated with partial immunization (≥14 days after receipt of the first dose and before receipt of the second dose) and full immunization (≥14 days after receipt of the second dose). Vaccine effectiveness was estimated with adjustment for individual demographic and clinical characteristics.

resultsThe study was conducted from February 2 through May 1, 2021, and the cohort included approximately 10.2 million persons. Among persons who were fully immunized, the adjusted vaccine effectiveness was 65.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.2 to 66.6) for the prevention of Covid-19 and 87.5% (95% CI, 86.7 to 88.2) for the prevention of hospitalization, 90.3% (95% CI, 89.1 to 91.4) for the prevention of ICU admission, and 86.3% (95% CI, 84.5 to 87.9) for the prevention of Covid-19-related death.

conclusionsOur results suggest that the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectively prevented Covid-19, including severe disease and death, a finding that is consistent with results of phase 2 trials of the vaccine. (Funded by Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo and others.).

Indexed as

Immunogenicity, VaccineMass VaccinationAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChileCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesFemaleHospitalizationHumansIncidenceIntensive Care UnitsMaleMiddle AgedCOVID-19 VaccinesVaccines, Inactivated

Identifiers

PMID34233097
PMCPMC8279092
OpenAlexW3179399516

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.