ArticleThe journal of spinal cord medicine2023
Adult outcomes for children who sustained firearm-related spinal cord injuries.
Article in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Systems-based care of the injured child: Technical report.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2025Article
- The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine: Review of pandemic-era topics and trends.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the adult functional, participation, education, employment, and quality of life outcomes of children who incurred spinal cord injury (SCI) as the result of gun injuries vs. non-violent etiologies, as well as their utilization of health services.
designRetrospective-cohort study. Eligibility criteria were current age at least 18 years, at least 5 years after SCI, and injury prior to 19 years of age. After enrolling the gun injury group, we matched individuals with non-violent etiologies from the Midwest Regional SCI Model System database to the gun injury group's demographic characteristics. Adult outcomes included education level, employment, income, involvement with the criminal justice system, quality of life indicators using PROMIS and SCI-QOL item banks, and utilization of health services.
participantsTwenty-six participants with gun injury SCI matched with 19 participants with non-violent etiologies.
resultsAverage age at injury was 15 years and current age was 44 years for both cohorts. Individuals from racial minority groups were over-represented in the gun injury cohort. The gun-injury cohort had lower educational attainment. Though employment rates were similar, the gun injury group had a lower income level. Both groups endorsed high average levels of function and quality of life on the PROMIS and SCI-QOL short forms.
conclusionsSCI etiology reflects racial characteristics of the sample and is associated with subsequent educational attainment and income. Rehabilitation planning should consider gun injury etiology in children not as a characteristic that determines a poor outcome, but as a risk factor for reduced educational attainment and lifetime income.
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