ReviewIntensive care medicine2021
Non-invasive ventilatory support and high-flow nasal oxygen as first-line treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and ARDS.
Review in Intensive care medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 147 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Gas Composition in the Oropharynx During High-flow Oxygen Therapy Through Nasal Cannula in Healthy Volunteers: a Physiological Study
Gas Composition in the Hypopharynx During High-flow Oxygen Therapy Through Nasal Cannula or Face Mask, or During Standard Oxygen Therapy Through a Non-Rebreather Face Mask in Healthy Volunteers
Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 275 citations in OpenAlex.
- Noninvasive oxygenation and ventilation strategies for viral acute respiratory failure: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Combined With Pressure Support Ventilation in Treating Chronic Heart Failure.Clinical cardiology · 2025Pooled it
- Bibliometric and visualized analysis of peripartum respiratory complications from 2004 to 2023.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Catalase: A Potential Pharmacologic Target for Hydrogen Peroxide in the Treatment of COVID-19.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2024Pooled it
- Performance of the ROX index in predicting high flow nasal cannula failure in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Heart failure during the COVID-19 pandemic: clinical, diagnostic, management, and organizational dilemmas.ESC heart failure · 2022Pooled it
- High-flow nasal oxygen versus conventional nasal cannula for gastroscopy with sedation in elderly patients at high altitudes: a partially-blinded randomized controlled trial in Tibet, China.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Noninvasive ventilation in postoperative critically ill patients with morbid obesity: secondary analysis of the EXTUBOBESE multicentre randomised clinical trial.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Trial
- Effect of ventilation modalities on the early prognosis of patients with poststroke sleep apnea.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Trial
- Physiological effects of awake prone position in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Respective Effects of Helmet Pressure Support, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, and Nasal High-Flow in Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Trial
- Early non-invasive ventilation and high-flow nasal oxygen therapy for preventing endotracheal intubation in hypoxemic blunt chest trauma patients: the OptiTHO randomized trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Phenotypes of Patients with COVID-19 Who Have a Positive Clinical Response to Helmet Noninvasive Ventilation.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Trial
- Noninvasive ventilation use and ICU mortality in COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure: a retrospective cohort study.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Review
- Association of prolonged pre-intubation high-flow nasal cannula duration with survival and successful V-V ECMO liberation in severe ARDS: a retrospective multicenter study.Journal of intensive care · 2026Article
- Awake Prone Positioning in Non-Intubated Non-COVID-19 ARDS: A Comprehensive Review.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Review
- Computational tools for personalizing treatment of acute respiratory failure, from machine learning to digital twins: a narrative review.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Trends in unplanned non-surgical paediatric oncology admissions to paediatric intensive care units in England between 2008 and 2022.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 12 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The role of non-invasive respiratory support (high-flow nasal oxygen and noninvasive ventilation) in the management of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome is debated. The oxygenation improvement coupled with lung and diaphragm protection produced by non-invasive support may help to avoid endotracheal intubation, which prevents the complications of sedation and invasive mechanical ventilation. However, spontaneous breathing in patients with lung injury carries the risk that vigorous inspiratory effort, combined or not with mechanical increases in inspiratory airway pressure, produces high transpulmonary pressure swings and local lung overstretch. This ultimately results in additional lung damage (patient self-inflicted lung injury), so that patients intubated after a trial of noninvasive support are burdened by increased mortality. Reducing inspiratory effort by high-flow nasal oxygen or delivery of sustained positive end-expiratory pressure through the helmet interface may reduce these risks. In this physiology-to-bedside review, we provide an updated overview about the role of noninvasive respiratory support strategies as early treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure in the intensive care unit. Noninvasive strategies appear safe and effective in mild-to-moderate hypoxemia (PaO
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.