ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2022
Phase separation in immune signalling.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liquid-liquid phase separation drives immune signaling transduction in cancer: a bibliometric and visualized study from 1992 to 2024.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The predictive accuracy of machine learning for the risk of death in HIV patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- High-throughput identification of endogenous biomolecular condensates and phase-separating proteins.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Antibody Fc receptor CD16a mediates natural killer cell activation via mechanotransduction of piconewton forces.Science advances · 2026Article
- Simulations show increased lipid interdigitation in transmembrane coupling of protein condensates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- AI-discovered protein fragments as generalizable regulators of biomolecular condensates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mast cell extracellular granules are bioactive condensates assembled by heparin and polyamine.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- LLPS-based classification and a novel prognostic signature reveal NRF1 as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of liquid-liquid phase separation: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies in cardiovascular diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Noncoding RNAs are indispensable architects and regulators of biomolecular condensates.Non-coding RNA research · 2026Review
- Reprogramming gut microenvironment for the treatment of acute severe ulcerative colitis via a synergistic therapy of necroptosis blockade and organoid transplantation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Liquid-liquid phase separation-driven regulated cell death: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Tumour-associated high endothelial venules drive portal-specific immune evasion in lymph nodes via ALOX12.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rethinking bioinformatics in liquid-liquid phase separation: data resources, predictive models, and an event-centric perspective.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Review
- Membrane-Based Assembly and Interactions in Immune Receptors.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Roles of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in viral latency.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Targeting phase separation: a new strategy to disrupt the stromal-immune axis in colorectal cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Transformative biomechanics and mechanobiology breakthroughs shaping the future of health and medicine.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Review
- An SP110-SP100 axis is a critical regulator of promyelocytic leukaemia body dynamics and mitotic fidelity.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune signalling pathways convert pathogenic stimuli into cytosolic events that lead to the resolution of infection. Upon ligand engagement, immune receptors together with their downstream adaptors and effectors undergo substantial conformational changes and spatial reorganization. During this process, nanometre-to-micrometre-sized signalling clusters have been commonly observed that are believed to be hotspots for signal transduction. Because of their large size and heterogeneous composition, it remains a challenge to fully understand the mechanisms by which these signalling clusters form and their functional consequences. Recently, phase separation has emerged as a new biophysical principle for organizing biomolecules into large clusters with fluidic properties. Although the field is still in its infancy, studies of phase separation in immunology are expected to provide new perspectives for understanding immune responses. Here, we present an up-to-date view of how liquid-liquid phase separation drives the formation of signalling condensates and regulates immune signalling pathways, including those downstream of T cell receptor, B cell receptor and the innate immune receptors cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I protein (RIG-I). We conclude with a summary of the current challenges the field is facing and outstanding questions for future studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.