ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2021
Infant feeding and growth trajectories in early childhood: the application and comparison of two longitudinal modelling approaches.
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infant growth and breastfeeding patterns: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Mixed Milk Feeding Patterns and Growth Outcomes During the First Year of Life in Asian Infants: Application of Predefined Feeding Clusters to Test Associations.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Trajectories of plant-based dietary patterns and their sex-specific associations with cardiometabolic health among young Australian adults.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Associations between maternal diet quality in pregnancy and infant feeding practices.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Gestational weight trajectory and early offspring growth differed by gestational diabetes: a population-based cohort study.Nutrition & diabetes · 2025Article
- The Accumulative Effect of Multiple Postnatal Risk Factors with the Risk of Being Overweight/Obese in Late Childhood.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Exploring Factors Associated with Stunting in 6-Month-Old Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Sulawesi, Indonesia.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Understanding the pathways between prenatal and postnatal factors and overweight outcomes in early childhood: a pooled analysis of seven cohorts.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Article
- Peri-Conceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Children's Physical Development: A Birth Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Describing the longitudinal breakfast quality index trajectories in early childhood: results from Melbourne InFANT program.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- BMI growth trajectory from birth to 5 years and its sex-specific association with prepregnant BMI and gestational weight gain.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Sex-specific association between elective cesarean section and growth trajectories in preschool children: A prospective birth cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Infant Appetitive Phenotypes: A Group-Based Multi-Trajectory Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThe role of infant feeding practices in longitudinal growth trajectories in children remains equivocal. This study utilised two longitudinal approaches to examine the associations of infant feeding mode (breastfeeding, mixed feeding, formula feeding), breastfeeding duration, and the timing of solid foods introduction with body mass index (BMI) z-score in early childhood. SUBJECTS/
methodsSecondary analyses of data from the Healthy Beginnings Trial were conducted. Infant feeding practices were reported by mothers at 6, 12, and 24 months of child age. Child weight and length were measured at birth, 12, 24, 42, and 60 months. Two longitudinal approaches: linear spline multilevel model (LSMM) and group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) were used to describe BMI z-score trajectories and assess its associations with infant feeding practices.
resultsThe LSMM approach demonstrated that the breastfeeding group showed lower BMI z-scores from ages 12 to 60 months than the mixed feeding and formula feeding groups. Children who were breastfed for ≥ 6 versus < 6 months exhibited a lower BMI z-score trajectory from ages 12 to 60 months. Results from the GBTM approach revealed that the mixed feeding (OR: 1.83, 95%CI 1.04, 3.21) and the formula feeding group (OR: 2.00, 95%CI 0.67, 5.92) showed a tendency for higher odds of following the "High BMIz" trajectory than the breastfeeding group. Breastfeeding duration ≥6 versus < 6 months was linked with lower odds of following the "High BMIz" trajectory (OR 0.65, 95%CI 0.43, 0.98). Both approaches revealed no evidence of an association between the timing of solid foods introduction and BMI z-score trajectory.
conclusionsThe two longitudinal approaches revealed similar findings that infant feeding mode and breastfeeding duration, but not the timing of solid foods introduction, were associated with BMI z-score trajectory in early childhood. The findings provide robust longitudinal evidence to encourage and support extended breastfeeding for childhood obesity prevention.
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