Trial reportScientific reports2021
Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Meta-analysis of the acute effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on athletic performance.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Does a single session of transcranial direct current stimulation enhance both physical and psychological performance in national- or international-level athletes? A systematic review.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Upper Limb Muscle Strength and Endurance in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Acute and chronic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on swimming performance and cognitive function of elite swimmers.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effects of repeated unihemispheric concurrent dual-site tDCS and virtual reality games on motor coordination of sedentary adolescent girls.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2024Trial
- Acute effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on postural control of trained athletes: A randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Concomitant dual-site tDCS and dark chocolate improve cognitive and endurance performance following cognitive effort under hypoxia: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Effect of tDCS targeting the M1 or left DLPFC on physical performance, psychophysiological responses, and cognitive function in repeated all-out cycling: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Trial
- Trial
- The Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Improving Performance in Soccer Players-A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Effects of repeated tDCS on lower limb muscle explosive strength and executive function in male collegiate volleyball players: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Effect of tDCS targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on psychophysiological responses and brain oxygenation during exercise in healthy adults: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- A review on the reporting and assessment of adverse effects associated with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Optimising transcranial direct current stimulation application for the enhancement of exercise performance: a review.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Effect of repeated sessions of dual-site anodal tDCS on post-exercise performance and subjective recovery in recreationally active females: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cycling performance on the 3-minute aerobic test (3mAT): placebo and nocebo effects.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The impact of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on isometric bench press performance in trained athletes.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Effects of anodic transcranial direct current stimulation combined with physical training on the performance of elite swimmers.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Acute anodal transcranial direct current stimulation improves the performance of professional rowers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Effects of single session transcranial direct current stimulation on aerobic performance and one arm pull-down explosive force of professional rock climbers.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used aiming to boost exercise performance and inconsistent findings have been reported. One possible explanation is related to the limitations of the so-called "conventional" tDCS, which uses large rectangular electrodes, resulting in a diffuse electric field. A new tDCS technique called high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) has been recently developed. HD-tDCS uses small ring electrodes and produces improved focality and greater magnitude of its aftereffects. This study tested whether HD-tDCS would improve exercise performance to a greater extent than conventional tDCS. Twelve endurance athletes (29.4 ± 7.3 years; 60.15 ± 5.09 ml kg
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.