ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2021
No Evidence for Entrainment: Endogenous Gamma Oscillations and Rhythmic Flicker Responses Coexist in Visual Cortex.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- The modulation of steady-state responses by transcranial alternating current stimulation: a scoping review.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Multisensory flicker modulates widespread brain networks and reduces interictal epileptiform discharges.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Rhythmic stimulation elicits multiple, concurrent neural responses.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Menopausal insomnia as a modifiable node of dementia risk: Mechanistic insights and intervention strategies.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Lexical word processing is unaffected by rapid invisible frequency tagging in reading: Evidence from eye movements.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- High-gamma frequency-tagged magnetoencephalography reveals time-resolved task-related functional coupling during spatial cognition.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hierarchical brain dynamics supporting visual perceptual transitions.Science advances · 2026Article
- Audiovisual gamma stimulation restores hippocampal neurogenesis and neural circuit plasticity in aging mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Dynamic competition between bottom-up saliency and top-down goals in early visual cortex.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Regular cannabis use modulates gamma functional connectivity with V1 during visual processing.NeuroImage · 2025Article
- VR-based gamma sensory stimulation: a pilot feasibility study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Guided visual search is associated with target boosting and distractor suppression in early visual cortex.Communications biology · 2025Article
- 40 Hz sensory stimulation enhances CA3-CA1 coordination and prospective coding during navigation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Dissociating external and internal attentional selection.iScience · 2025Article
- Response coupling with an auxiliary neural signal for enhancing brain signal detection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The rhythm of memory. Does theta frequency audio/visual flicker improve recall?Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Using Rapid Invisible Frequency Tagging (RIFT) to Probe the Neural Interaction Between Representations of Speech Planning and Comprehension.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Spectral tuning and after-effects in neural entrainment.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past decades, numerous studies have linked cortical gamma oscillations (∼30-100 Hz) to neurocomputational mechanisms. Their functional relevance, however, is still passionately debated. Here, we asked whether endogenous gamma oscillations in the human brain can be entrained by a rhythmic photic drive >50 Hz. Such a noninvasive modulation of endogenous brain rhythms would allow conclusions about their causal involvement in neurocognition. To this end, we systematically investigated oscillatory responses to a rapid sinusoidal flicker in the absence and presence of endogenous gamma oscillations using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in combination with a high-frequency projector. The photic drive produced a robust response over visual cortex to stimulation frequencies of up to 80 Hz. Strong, endogenous gamma oscillations were induced using moving grating stimuli as repeatedly done in previous research. When superimposing the flicker and the gratings, there was no evidence for phase or frequency entrainment of the endogenous gamma oscillations by the photic drive. Unexpectedly, we did not observe an amplification of the flicker response around participants' individual gamma frequencies (IGFs); rather, the magnitude of the response decreased monotonically with increasing frequency. Source reconstruction suggests that the flicker response and the gamma oscillations were produced by separate, coexistent generators in visual cortex. The presented findings challenge the notion that cortical gamma oscillations can be entrained by rhythmic visual stimulation. Instead, the mechanism generating endogenous gamma oscillations seems to be resilient to external perturbation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.