ReviewHuman immunology2021
Humoral immune mechanisms involved in protective and pathological immunity during COVID-19.
Review in Human immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive profiling of humoral immune responses to pan-respiratory pathogens: Insights from diverse cohorts.iScience · 2026Article
- Hyperinflammatory Syndrome of Unknown Origin Complicated by Shock, DIC, Intracranial Hemorrhage and Spontaneous Splenic Rupture: A Case Report.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2026Article
- Magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Production and Its Relationship with Autoantibody Formation.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Two-Year Follow-Up of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Professionals.Vaccines · 2025Article
- COVID-19 dynamic modeling of immune variability and multistage vaccination strategies: A case study in Malaysia.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- A deep learning model for clinical outcome prediction using longitudinal inpatient electronic health records.JAMIA open · 2025Article
- Trace elements-based Auroshell gold@hematite nanostructure: Green synthesis and their hyperthermia therapy.IET nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- Alterations in B and NK cells highly correlate with disease severity in children with COVID-19.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Longitudinal Characterization of a Neutralizing and Total Antibody Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19 and Fatal Outcomes.Vaccines · 2022Article
- An intelligent DNA nanorobot for detection of MiRNAs cancer biomarkers using molecular programming to fabricate a logic-responsive hybrid nanostructure.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2022Article
- Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lawsonia inermis and their biomedical application.IET nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Factors Predicting the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Preventive Behaviors of Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangkok, Thailand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Urinary tract infection in patients with diabetes mellitus and the role of parental genetics in the emergence of the disease.Journal of medicine and life · 2022Article
- COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cancer: Opportunities and challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Emerging importance of nanotechnology-based approaches to control the COVID-19 pandemic; focus on nanomedicine iterance in diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2022Review
- Assessment of background levels of autoantibodies as a prognostic marker for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of circulating biomarkersArticle
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern · 2023-06-02Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation · Concerns/Issues about Third Party Involvement ·
- Expression of concern
Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 is associated with excessive inflammation, as a main reason for severe condition and death. Increased inflammatory cytokines and humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 correlate with COVID-19 immunity and pathogenesis. Importantly, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines that increase profoundly in systemic circulation appear as part of the clinical pictures of two overlapping conditions, sepsis and the hemophagocytic syndromes. Both conditions can develop lethal inflammatory responses that lead to tissue damage, however, in many patients hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) can be differentiated from sepsis. This is a key issue because the life-saving aggressive immunosuppressive treatment, required in the HLH therapy, is absent in sepsis guidelines. This paper aims to describe the pathophysiology and clinical relevance of these distinct entities in the course of COVID-19 that resemble sepsis and further highlights two effector arms of the humoral immune response (inflammatory cytokine and immunoglobulin production) during COVID-19 infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.