ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2021
Factors associated with childhood diarrheal in Ethiopia; a multilevel analysis.
Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of diarrheal disease and its determinants among children under five in East Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and risk factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Regional disparities and predictors of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia: a multilevel logistic regression analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Exploring environmental risk factors for diarrhea: Evidence from the Indonesian Health Survey, 2023.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2026Article
- Modeling diarrhea in children under five in Somaliland: A machine learning analysis using SLDHS 2020 data.PloS one · 2026Article
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- Comorbidity of diarrhea and respiratory infection symptoms, and associated factors among under-five children in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Prevalence of diarrhoea and treatment-seeking practices among children <2 years of age in the Birhan cohort, Ethiopia, 2018-19.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Exploring Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Diarrhea Disease and Identify its Determinants among Under-Five Years Children in East Africa.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
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- Article
- Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Impact of access to improved water and sanitation on diarrhea reduction among rural under-five children in low and middle-income countries: a propensity score matched analysis.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Article
- Unimproved water and sanitation contributes to childhood diarrhoea during the war in Tigray, Ethiopia: a community based assessment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Occurrence of Diarrheagenic Pathogens and Their Coinfection Profiles in Diarrheic Under Five Children and Tracked Human Contacts in Urban and Rural Settings of Eastern Ethiopia.Microbiology insights · 2023Article
- Determinants, inequalities, and spatial patterns of diarrhea in the Peruvian under-five population: findings from nationally representative survey data.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Machine learning predictive modelling for identification of predictors of acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea in Uganda's rural and urban settings.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiarrhea is the second cause of child deaths globally. According to World Health Organization reports, in each year it kills more than 525,000 children under-5 years. More than half of these deaths occur in five countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify both individual and community-level risk factors of childhood diarrheal in Ethiopia.
methodsEthiopian demography and health survey of 2016 data were used for the analysis. A total of 10,641 children aged 0-59 months were included in the analysis. A multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to identify both individual and community-level risk factors associated with childhood diarrheal.
resultThe incidence of childhood diarrheal was 12% (95%CI: 11.39, 12.63). The random effect model revealed that 67% of the variability of childhood diarrhea explained by individual and community level factors. From the individual-level factors, children aged 36-59 month (AOR = 3.166; 95% CI: 2.569, 3.900), twin child (AOR = 1.871; 95% CI: 1.390, 2.527), birth order 5 and above (AOR = 2.210, 95% CI: 1.721, 2.839), not received any vaccination (AOR = 1.197; 95% CI: 1.190,1.527), smaller size of child at birth (AOR = 1.303;95% CI: 1.130,1.504) and never breastfed children (AOR = 2.91;95%CI:2.380,3.567) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. From the community-level factors, living in a rural area ((AOR = 1.505; 95%CI: 1.233, 1.836)), unprotected source of drinking water (AOR: 1.289; 95% CI: 1.060, 1.567) and availability of unimproved latrine facilities (OR: 1.289; 95% CI: 1.239, 1.759) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Besides, Children live in Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, SNNPR and Dire Dawa regions had higher incidence of childhood diarrhea.
conclusionThe incidence of childhood diarrhea was different from cluster to clusters in Ethiopia. Therefore, integrated child health intervention programs including provisions of toilet facility, access to a clean source of drinking water, educate parents about the importance of breastfeeding and vaccination have to be strongly implemented in order to reduce the high incidence of childhood diarrhea among children in Ethiopia.
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