Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34229736›Full record

ArticleArthritis research & therapy2021

Machine learning model for identifying important clinical features for predicting remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologics.

Bon San Koo, Seongho Eun, Kichul Shin, Hyemin Yoon, Chaelin Hong, Do-Hoon Kim, Seokchan Hong, Yong-Gil Kim, Chang-Keun Lee, Bin Yoo and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Predicting abatacept retention using machine learning.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025
    Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Bon San Koo *Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Seongho Eun *Department of Management Engineering, College of Business, KAIST, Seoul, Korea.
Kichul ShinDivision of Rheumatology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Hospital Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Hyemin YoonBig Data Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Chaelin HongBig Data Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Do-Hoon KimDepartment of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea.
Seokchan HongDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Yong-Gil KimDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Chang-Keun LeeDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Bin YooDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Ji Seon OhDepartment of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea. doogie55@naver.com.ORCID 0000-0002-0205-6492
Asan Medical Center · KRUlsan College · KRInje University Seoul Paik Hospital · KRKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology · KRSeoul Metropolitan Government · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe developed a model to predict remissions in patients treated with biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and to identify important clinical features associated with remission using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI).

methodsWe gathered the follow-up data of 1204 patients treated with bDMARDs (etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab, infliximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab) from the Korean College of Rheumatology Biologics and Targeted Therapy Registry. Remission was predicted at 1-year follow-up using baseline clinical data obtained at the time of enrollment. Machine learning methods (e.g., lasso, ridge, support vector machine, random forest, and XGBoost) were used for the predictions. The Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) value was used for interpretability of the predictions.

resultsThe ranges for accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic of the newly developed machine learning model for predicting remission were 52.8-72.9% and 0.511-0.694, respectively. The Shapley plot in XAI showed that the impacts of the variables on predicting remission differed for each bDMARD. The most important features were age for adalimumab, rheumatoid factor for etanercept, erythrocyte sedimentation rate for infliximab and golimumab, disease duration for abatacept, and C-reactive protein for tocilizumab, with mean SHAP values of - 0.250, - 0.234, - 0.514, - 0.227, - 0.804, and 0.135, respectively.

conclusionsOur proposed machine learning model successfully identified clinical features that were predictive of remission in each of the bDMARDs. This approach may be useful for improving treatment outcomes by identifying clinical information related to remissions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Indexed as

Antirheumatic AgentsArthritis, RheumatoidBiological ProductsAdalimumabArtificial IntelligenceEtanerceptHumansMachine LearningAdalimumabAntirheumatic AgentsBiological ProductsEtanerceptBiologicsExplainable artificial intelligenceMachine learningRemissionRheumatoid arthritis

Identifiers

PMID34229736
PMCPMC8259419
OpenAlexW3177588649

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.