Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34229688›Full record

ArticleNutrition & metabolism2021

Association between frequency of spicy food consumption and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China.

Hao Wang, Lingli Chen, Dun Shen, Yuan Cao, Xiaoyi Zhang, Kaixu Xie, Chunmei Wang, Shuiqing Zhu, Pei Pei, Yu Guo and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrition & metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Lifestyle factors and cardiometabolic risk.Chinese medical journal · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Capsaicin: a spicy way in liver disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Hao WangDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, #3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Lingli ChenDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Tongxiang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China.
Dun ShenDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Tongxiang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China.
Yuan CaoDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Tongxiang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China.
Xiaoyi ZhangDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Tongxiang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China.
Kaixu XieDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Tongxiang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China.
Chunmei WangDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Tongxiang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China.
Shuiqing ZhuDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Tongxiang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang, China.
Pei PeiChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yu GuoChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Fiona BraggMedical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Min YuDepartment of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, #3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. myu@cdc.zj.cn.
Zhengming ChenMedical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Liming LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Xian Center for Disease Control and Prevention · CNChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CNZhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention · CNMedical Research Council · GBPeking University · CNUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Cancer Research UK 16896Cancer Research UK 29186Medical Research Council MC_U137686851Medical Research Council MC_UU_00017/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12026/2Wellcome Trust 088158/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust 104085/Z/14/ZWellcome Trust 202922/Z/16/ZWellcome Trust 212946/Z/18/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertension is a known risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. Existing literature on the association between frequency of spicy food consumption and hypertension shows mixed findings.

methodsThe analyses are based on the Tongxiang baseline dataset of the China Kadoorie Biobank prospective study, including data from electronic questionnaires, physical measurements and blood sample collection. A total of 53,916 participants aged 30-79 years were included in the final analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association of spicy food consumption with hypertension, and multiple linear regression was performed to explore the association of spicy food consumption with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

resultsOf the 53,916 participants, 23,921 had prevalent hypertension. 12.3% of participants reported consuming spicy food weekly. Among female participants, after adjusting for socio-demographic status, lifestyle factors, BMI, waist circumference, sleep duration and snoring, when compared with females who never consumed spicy food, the odds ratios (95% CI) for hypertension were 1.02 (0.96-1.08), 0.90 (0.79-1.01), and 0.88 (0.78-0.99), respectively, for females who consumed spicy food less than once weekly, 1-2 times weekly, and ≥ 3 times weekly (P

conclusionsFrequency of spicy food consumption is inversely associated with hypertension in females, but not in males.

Indexed as

Cross-sectional studyHypertensionSpicy food

Identifiers

PMID34229688
PMCPMC8259443
OpenAlexW3181490999

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.