Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34229091›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical epidemiology2021

Pilot and feasibility studies for pragmatic trials have unique considerations and areas of uncertainty.

Claire L Chan, Monica Taljaard, Gillian A Lancaster, Jamie C Brehaut, Sandra M Eldridge

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06909279 (The More Than Words® Program for Parents of Young Children With Social Communication Challenges), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06909279 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

The More Than Words® Program for Parents of Young Children With Social Communication Challenges: A Pilot Pragmatic Randomized Waitlist-Control Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorWestern University, CanadaRan2025 to 2026Enrolled72ConditionsAutism Spectrum Disorder, Suspected Autism, Social Communication ChallengesArmsThe Hanen Centre's More Than Words® program
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  5. Hearing screening outcomes and otoscopic findings among primary school children in Southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Kommunikasieafwykings · 2026
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  16. Developing an Inclusive Dance Guide for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Co-Design Process and Initial Feasibility Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
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  17. Review
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Claire L ChanCentre for Clinical Trials and Methodology, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AB, UK.
Monica TaljaardOttawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: mtaljaard@ohri.ca.
Gillian A LancasterKeele Clinical Trials Unit, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
Jamie C BrehautOttawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Centre for Practice-Changing Research, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Sandra M EldridgeCentre for Clinical Trials and Methodology, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AB, UK.
Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteQueen Mary University of London · GBKeele University · GB

Funding

Training Core (I)U54AG063546 · NIA · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI Vincent Mor · 2019 to 2026
$125.9M
CIHR PJT-153045Department of HealthNIA NIH HHS U54 AG063546
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveFeasibility studies are increasingly being used to support the development of, and investigate uncertainties around, future large-scale trials. The future trial can be designed with either a pragmatic or explanatory mindset. Whereas pragmatic trials aim to inform the choice between different care options and thus, are designed to resemble conditions outside of a clinical trial environment, explanatory trials examine the benefit of a treatment under more controlled conditions. There is existing guidance for designing feasibility studies, but none that explicitly considers the goals of pragmatic designs. We aimed to identify unique areas of uncertainty that are relevant to planning a pragmatic trial.

resultsWe identified ten relevant domains, partly based on the pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary-2 (PRECIS-2) framework, and describe potential questions of uncertainty within each: intervention development, research ethics, participant identification and eligibility, recruitment of individuals, setting, organization, flexibility of delivery, flexibility of adherence, follow-up, and importance of primary outcome to patients and decision-makers. We present examples to illustrate how uncertainty in these domains might be addressed within a feasibility study.

conclusionResearchers planning a feasibility study in advance of a pragmatic trial should consider feasibility objectives specifically relevant to areas of uncertainty for pragmatic trials.

Indexed as

UncertaintyBiomedical ResearchFeasibility StudiesGuidelines as TopicHumansPilot ProjectsPragmatic Clinical Trials as TopicResearch DesignAreas of uncertaintyFeasibility studyPilot studyPragmatic trialProgression criteriaUsual care

Identifiers

PMID34229091
PMCPMC8996744
OpenAlexW3177981602

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.