Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34228899›Full record

Observational studyJournal of diabetes investigation2022

Decline in renal function associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy positively coordinated with proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Taichi Muramatsu, Masahiro Takahashi, Rena Kakinuma, Tomoyo Sato, Mitsuyo Yamamoto, Manabu Akazawa, Kentaro Tanaka, Takako Kikuchi, Akifumi Kushiyama

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Observational
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Taichi MuramatsuDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose City, Japan.
Masahiro TakahashiDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose City, Japan.
Rena KakinumaDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose City, Japan.
Tomoyo SatoDivisoin of Clinical Laboratory, The Institute for Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Japan.
Mitsuyo YamamotoDivisoin of Clinical Laboratory, The Institute for Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Japan.
Manabu AkazawaDepartment of Public Health and Epidemiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose City, Japan.
Kentaro TanakaHigashikurume Ekimae Clinic, Higashikurume City, Japan.
Takako KikuchiDivisoin of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Japan.
Akifumi KushiyamaDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose City, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-7487
Meiji Pharmaceutical University · JPThe Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AIMS/

introductionTo investigate the association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) assessed by the coefficient of variation of the R-R interval and the reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis retrospective observational cohort study enrolled type 2 diabetes patients who had their coefficient of variation of the R-R interval measured on an electrocardiogram from January 2005 to December 2018. CAN was defined using the reference coefficient of variation of the R-R interval value based on age and sex. The primary outcome was set as a 40% eGFR decline from baseline. Regression analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model were carried out to evaluate the association.

resultsOf the 831 patients, 118 (14.2%) were diagnosed with CAN. In the analysis of the primary outcome, the median follow-up period was 5.3 years, and 25 (21.2%) patients with CAN and 78 (10.9%) patients without CAN developed a 40% eGFR decline. In the univariate regression analysis, CAN was significantly associated with a 40% eGFR decline (hazard ratio 2.42, 95% confidence interval 1.54-3.80). In the multivariate analysis, CAN remained almost significant after adjusting for the prognostic risk factors for CAN and the decline in the renal function, and an interaction with proteinuria was found. In analyses for the interaction effect between CAN and proteinuria, the presence of CAN synergistically increased the risk of an eGFR decline in patients with macroproteinuria.

conclusionsCAN strongly increased the risk of a 40% eGFR decline from baseline, especially in type 2 diabetes patients with macroproteinuria.

Indexed as

Autonomic Nervous SystemDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic CardiomyopathiesDiabetic NeuropathiesElectrocardiographyFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansKidneyMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProteinuriaRegression AnalysisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsCardiovascular autonomic neuropathyCoefficient of variation of the R-R intervalDecline in the renal function

Identifiers

PMID34228899
PMCPMC8756322
OpenAlexW3179102535

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.