ArticleJCI insight2021
Asymptomatic or mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses in children and adolescents.
Article in JCI insight, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children after natural infection or vaccination in the omicron and pre-omicron era: A systematic review of clinical and immunological studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Pediatric T cell and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Rewired type I IFN signaling is linked to age-dependent differences in COVID-19.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Long-term immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of Monovalent mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 Vaccines in Children <5 Years of Age.Pediatrics · 2024Article
- Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Review
- Distinct T cell polyfunctional profile in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative children associated with endemic human coronavirus cross-reactivity.iScience · 2024Article
- The pediatric gut bacteriome and virome in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Differences in the Clinical Manifestations and Host Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Children Compared to Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Persistent humoral immune response in youth throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: prospective school-based cohort study.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Fading SARS-CoV-2 humoral VOC cross-reactivity and sustained cellular immunity in convalescent children and adolescents.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The Immunological Profile of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children Is Linked to Clinical Severity and Age.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Role of Immunity in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and in the Protection Generated by COVID-19 Vaccines in Different Age Groups.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Dam-Infant Rhesus Macaque Pairs to Dissect Age-Dependent Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.ImmunoHorizons · 2022Article
- Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the Norwegian population, August 2021.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
- Younger Children Develop Higher Effector Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Distinct Immune Phenotypes and Cytokine Profiles in Children with Differing Severity of COVID-19.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2022Article
- High Prevalence of Undocumented SARS-CoV-2 Infections in the Pediatric Population of the Tyrolean District of Schwaz.Viruses · 2022Article
- A pre-vaccine exploratory survey of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity among Egyptian general population.Tropical medicine and health · 2022Article
- Beyond GWAS-Could Genetic Differentiation within the Allograft Rejection Pathway Shape Natural Immunity to COVID-19?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread globally, questions have emerged regarding the strength and durability of immune responses in specific populations. In this study, we evaluated humoral immune responses in 69 children and adolescents with asymptomatic or mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. We detected robust IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody responses to a broad array of SARS-CoV-2 antigens at the time of acute infection and 2 and 4 months after acute infection in all participants. Notably, these antibody responses were associated with virus-neutralizing activity that was still detectable 4 months after acute infection in 94% of children. Moreover, antibody responses and neutralizing activity in sera from children and adolescents were comparable or superior to those observed in sera from 24 adults with mild symptomatic infection. Taken together, these findings indicate that children and adolescents with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection generate robust and durable humoral immune responses that can likely contribute to protection from reinfection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.