Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34228044›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of general physiology2021

HIFs: New arginine mimic inhibitors of the Hv1 channel with improved VSD-ligand interactions.

Chang Zhao, Liang Hong, Jason D Galpin, Saleh Riahi, Victoria T Lim, Parker D Webster, Douglas J Tobias, Christopher A Ahern, Francesco Tombola

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of general physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Modulators of the Human Voltage-Gated Proton Channel HPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  2. Hv1 channel in immune cells and pharmacology.Pharmacological research · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Identification of a Novel Structural Class of HJournal of chemical information and modeling · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Inhibition of the HFrontiers in immunology · 2024
    Article
  7. Trapping Charge Mechanism in Hv1 Channels (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Chang Zhao *Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-4138-6424
Liang Hong *Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.
Jason D GalpinDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.ORCID 0000-0003-1923-5312
Saleh RiahiDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.
Victoria T LimDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.
Parker D WebsterDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-0516-7649
Douglas J TobiasChao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.
Christopher A AhernDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.ORCID 0000-0002-7975-2744
Francesco TombolaDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-9315-0352
University of California, Irvine · USUniversity of Iowa · US

Funding

Univ.of Calif., Irvine Cancer Center Support GrantP30CA062203 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Melanie Funes · 1994 to 2026
$57.9M
Mechanisms of Permeation and Gating of Voltage-Sensing DomainsR01GM098973 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI TOMBOLA, FRANCESCO · 2011 to 2025
$4.5M
Chemical Biology of Voltage-Gated Sodium and Potassium ChannelsR01GM106569 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI AHERN, CHRISTOPHER A · 2013 to 2022
$2.7M
The Facility for Atomic MutagenesisR24NS104617 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI AHERN, CHRISTOPHER A · 2018 to 2021
$1.0M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA062203NCI NIH HHS P30CA062203NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM098973NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM106569NIH HHS R01GM098973NINDS NIH HHS R24 NS104617
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 is a drug target for cancer, ischemic stroke, and neuroinflammation. It resides on the plasma membrane and endocytic compartments of a variety of cell types, where it mediates outward proton movement and regulates the activity of NOX enzymes. Its voltage-sensing domain (VSD) contains a gated and proton-selective conduction pathway, which can be blocked by aromatic guanidine derivatives such as 2-guanidinobenzimidazole (2GBI). Mutation of Hv1 residue F150 to alanine (F150A) was previously found to increase 2GBI apparent binding affinity more than two orders of magnitude. Here, we explore the contribution of aromatic interactions between the inhibitor and the channel in the presence and absence of the F150A mutation, using a combination of electrophysiological recordings, classic mutagenesis, and site-specific incorporation of fluorinated phenylalanines via nonsense suppression methodology. Our data suggest that the increase in apparent binding affinity is due to a rearrangement of the binding site allowed by the smaller residue at position 150. We used this information to design new arginine mimics with improved affinity for the nonrearranged binding site of the wild-type channel. The new compounds, named "Hv1 Inhibitor Flexibles" (HIFs), consist of two "prongs," an aminoimidazole ring, and an aromatic group connected by extended flexible linkers. Some HIF compounds display inhibitory properties that are superior to those of 2GBI, thus providing a promising scaffold for further development of high-affinity Hv1 inhibitors.

Indexed as

ArginineIon ChannelsBinding SitesHumansLigandsProtonsArginineIon ChannelsLigandsProtons

Identifiers

PMID34228044
PMCPMC8263924
OpenAlexW3178848684

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.