Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34227188›Full record

ArticleAddiction biology2022

Long-term alcohol drinking in High Drinking in the Dark mice is stable for many months and does not show alcohol deprivation effects.

John C Crabbe, Wyatt R Hack, Angela R Ozburn, Antonia M Savarese, Pamela Metten

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Addiction biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 51% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Animal Models of Excessive Alcohol Consumption in Rodents.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

John C CrabbePortland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, VA Portland Health Care System (R&D 12), Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7111-7204
Wyatt R HackPortland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, VA Portland Health Care System (R&D 12), Portland, Oregon, USA.
Angela R OzburnPortland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, VA Portland Health Care System (R&D 12), Portland, Oregon, USA.
Antonia M SavaresePortland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, VA Portland Health Care System (R&D 12), Portland, Oregon, USA.
Pamela MettenPortland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, VA Portland Health Care System (R&D 12), Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1911-8282
VA Portland Health Care System · US

Funding

Translational measures of risk for excessive alcohol consumptionP60AA010760 · NIAAA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI TAMARA J. PHILLIPS · 2006 to 2026
$34.5M
Selective Breeding for Drinking in the Circadian DarkU01AA013519 · NIAAA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI Angela Renee Ozburn · 2001 to 2026
$10.9M
THERMAL AND METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION DURING WITHDRAWALP50AA010760 · NIAAA · OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI CRABBE, JOHN C. · 1996 to 2005
$10.7M
Mouse Genetic Models for Alcohol ResearchR24AA020245 · NIAAA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI PHILLIPS, TAMARA J. · 2011 to 2020
$2.3M
Glucocorticoid Receptor Dysregulation: a Genetic Risk Factor for Excessive Alcohol Consumption in High Drinking in the Dark (HDID-1) MiceF32AA027692 · NIAAA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI SAVARESE, ANTONIA · 2019 to 2021
$151k
Pharmacogenetic manipulation of brain regions to reduce alcohol binge drinkingIK2BX002488 · VA · PORTLAND VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI OZBURN, ANGELA RENEE · 2015 to 2020
–
Neural Substrates of Binge DrinkingI01BX004699 · VA · PORTLAND VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI OZBURN, ANGELA RENEE · 2021 to 2024
–
Genetic Models of AlcoholismI01BX000313 · VA · PORTLAND VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI CRABBE, JOHN C. · 2009 to 2019
–
BLRD VA I01 BX000313BLRD VA I01 BX004699BLRD VA IK2 BX002488NIAAA NIH HHS F32 AA027692NIAAA NIH HHS P50 AA010760NIAAA NIH HHS P60 AA010760NIAAA NIH HHS R24 AA020245NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA013519
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We have modelled genetic risk for binge-like drinking by selectively breeding High Drinking in the Dark-1 and -2 (HDID-1 and HDID-2) mice for their propensity to reach intoxicating blood alcohol levels (BALs) after binge-like drinking in a single bottle, limited access paradigm. Interestingly, in standard two-bottle choice (2BC) tests for continuously available alcohol versus water, HDID mice show modest levels of preference. This indicates some degree of independence of the genetic contributions to risk for binge-like and sustained, continuous access drinking. We had few data where the drinking in the dark (DID) tests of binge-like drinking had been repeatedly performed, so we serially offered multiple DID tests to see whether binge-like drinking escalated. It did not. We also asked whether HDID mice would escalate their voluntary intake with prolonged exposure to alcohol 2BC. They did not. Lastly, we assessed whether an alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) developed. ADE is a temporary elevation in drinking typically observed after a period of abstinence from sustained access to alcohol choice. With repetition, these periods of ADE sometimes have led to more sustained elevations in drinking. We therefore asked whether repeated ADE episodes would elevate choice drinking in HDID mice. They did not. After nearly 500 days of alcohol access, the intake of HDID mice remained stable. We conclude that a genetically-enhanced high risk for binge-like drinking is not sufficient to yield alterations in long-term alcohol intake.

Indexed as

Alcohol DrinkingAnimalsBinge DrinkingDarknessEthanolMaleMiceModels, AnimalEthanolalcohol deprivation effectbinge drinkingdrinking in the darkethanolpreference drinkingselective breeding

Identifiers

PMID34227188
PMCPMC8720065
OpenAlexW3182152858

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.