ArticleThe New phytologist2022
A triple threat: the Parastagonospora nodorum SnTox267 effector exploits three distinct host genetic factors to cause disease in wheat.
Article in The New phytologist, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of septoria nodorum blotch susceptibility genes in hard winter wheat.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2026Article
- What makes a mycoparasite? Candidate effectors from fungi that parasitize other fungi exhibit structural homology to those of fungal plant pathogens.Fungal biology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Global perspective on the genetic architecture of susceptibility to spot form net blotch in barley.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2026Article
- EffectorFisher: association of disease phenotype with pangenomic protein-isoform profiles for improved prediction of fungal pathogenicity effectors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Repeat-induced point mutations driving Parastagonospora nodorum genomic diversity are balanced by selection against non-synonymous mutations.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Regulatory insight for a Zn2Cys6 transcription factor controlling effector-mediated virulence in a fungal pathogen of wheat.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- The Velvet transcription factor PnVeA regulates necrotrophic effectors and secondary metabolism in the wheat pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Association mapping with a diverse population of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici identified avirulence loci interacting with the barley Rpg1 stem rust resistance gene.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- The Role of Cytokinins and Abscisic Acid in the Growth, Development and Virulence of the Pathogenic FungusBiomolecules · 2024Article
- Genome-wide association mapping of resistance to the foliar diseases septoria nodorum blotch and tan spot in a global winter wheat collection.Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement · 2023Article
- Genetics and breeding for resistance against four leaf spot diseases in wheat (Frontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- Genome-wide association mapping of septoria nodorum blotch resistance in Nordic winter and spring wheat collections.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2022Article
- The Parastagonospora nodorum necrotrophic effector SnTox5 targets the wheat gene Snn5 and facilitates entry into the leaf mesophyll.The New phytologist · 2022Article
- Article
- Variability in an effector gene promoter of a necrotrophic fungal pathogen dictates epistasis and effector-triggered susceptibility in wheat.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species in Host Plant Are Required for an Early Defense Response against Attack ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parastagonospora nodorum is a fungal pathogen of wheat. As a necrotrophic specialist, it deploys effector proteins that target dominant host susceptibility genes to elicit programmed cell death (PCD). Here we identify and functionally validate the effector targeting the host susceptibility genes Snn2, Snn6 and Snn7. We utilized whole-genome sequencing, association mapping, gene-disrupted mutants, gain-of-function transformants, virulence assays, bioinformatics and quantitative PCR to characterize these interactions. A single proteinaceous effector, SnTox267, targeted Snn2, Snn6 and Snn7 to trigger PCD. Snn2 and Snn6 functioned cooperatively to trigger PCD in a light-dependent pathway, whereas Snn7-mediated PCD functioned in a light-independent pathway. Isolates harboring 20 SnTox267 protein isoforms quantitatively varied in virulence. The diversity and distribution of isoforms varied between populations, indicating adaptation to local selection pressures. SnTox267 deletion resulted in the upregulation of effector genes SnToxA, SnTox1 and SnTox3. We validated a novel effector operating in an inverse-gene-for-gene manner to target three genetically distinct host susceptibility genes and elicit PCD. The discovery of the complementary gene action of Snn2 and Snn6 indicates their potential function in a guard or decoy model. Additionally, differences in light dependency in the elicited pathways and upregulation of unlinked effectors sheds new light onto a complex fungal necrotroph-host interaction.
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