Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34226869›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021

Trends in Antibiotic Use in United States Hospitals During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Ashley N Rose, James Baggs, Hannah Wolford, Melinda M Neuhauser, Arjun Srinivasan, Adi V Gundlapalli, Sujan Reddy, Lyudmyla Kompaniyets, Audrey F Pennington, Cheri Grigg and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  6. Article
  7. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on phototherapy usage for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Antimicrobial Purchasing in Canada (2018-2021): An Exploratory Analysis.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Trends in inpatient antibiotic use in Indonesia and the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025
    Article
  15. Early empiric antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients: results from the international VIRUS registry.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Inpatient Antibiotic Use in the United States, January 2019 Through July 2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024
    Article
  18. A quasi-experimental analysis comparing antimicrobial usage on COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024
    Article
  19. Antimicrobial use before and during COVID-19: data from 108 Veterans Affairs medical centers.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024
    Article
  20. Evaluating Antibiotic Treatment Guideline Adherence to Ongoing Antibiotic Stewardship in a Tertiary Care Setting: A Retrospective Observational Study.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ashley N RoseDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-654X
James BaggsDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Hannah WolfordDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Melinda M NeuhauserDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Arjun SrinivasanDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Adi V GundlapalliCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Sujan ReddyDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Lyudmyla KompaniyetsCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Audrey F PenningtonCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Cheri GriggDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Sarah KabbaniDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We described antibiotic use among inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most COVID-19 inpatients received antibiotic therapy. We also described hospital-wide antibiotic use during 2020 compared with 2019, stratified by hospital COVID-19 burden. Although total antibiotic use decreased between years, certain antibiotic use increased with higher COVID-19 burden.

Indexed as

antibiotic useantimicrobial stewardshipCOVID-19epidemiology

Identifiers

PMID34226869
PMCPMC8244661

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.