ReviewBritish journal of cancer2021
Breast cancer brain metastasis: insight into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
Review in British journal of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Current perspectives and trends in nanoparticle drug delivery systems in breast cancer: bibliometric analysis and review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Pooled it
- Therapeutic potential of colchicine-binding site inhibitors in breast cancer brain metastasis.Cancer letters · 2026Review
- MXRA5 promotes the progression and metastasis of breast cancerThe Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Succinate drives breast cancer bone metastasis by activating the HIF1α/YTHDF1/YAP signaling axis to upregulate chemokine CXCL5 and disrupt the bone microenvironment.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Progressive Hypoxia Exacerbates Breast Cancer Metastasis by Paracrine Modulation of the Blood-brain Barrier Endothelium.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Tumor mutational burden as a determinant of metastatic dissemination patterns.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- Integrative Bioinformatic Analysis Identifies Key Genes Driving Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Discovery of Potent and Brain-Penetrable Tubulin Inhibitors that Effectively Suppress Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: Current Understanding and Future Directions.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- CXC Chemokine-Driven Vascular Reprogramming: Modulating Tumor Vasculature to Boost Therapeutic Response.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- piR-1170 drives brain metastasis and immune evasion via WTAP-mediated m6A methylation reprogramming in triple-negative breast cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Triple-negative breast cancer survival outcomes: prognostic model validated with SEER database.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Significant association of RANKL polymorphisms with bone metastasis among patients with breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Mysteries of Brain Cancer from Diagnosis to Treatment.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2026Review
- Breast cancer brain metastasis: from molecular insights to therapeutic innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Case Report: Interpectoral lymph node metastasis as an indicator of occult breast cancer: a case of double primary malignancy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Latest advances in nanodrug delivery systems for modulating the immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Factors associated with developing and surviving brain metastases in patients with breast cancer: a multi-center experience.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- LYN mutations in breast cancer: hypothesis-generating evidence for an association with central nervous system metastasis and domain-level insights.BMC cancer · 2025Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide. Early-stage breast cancer is considered a curable disease; however, once distant metastasis occurs, the 5-year overall survival rate of patients becomes significantly reduced. There are four distinct metastatic patterns in breast cancer: bone, lung, liver and brain. Among these, breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is the leading cause of death; it is highly associated with impaired quality of life and poor prognosis due to the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier and consequent lack of effective treatments. Although the sequence of events in BCBM is universally accepted, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, we outline progress surrounding the molecular mechanisms involved in BCBM as well as experimental methods and research models to better understand the process. We further discuss the challenges in the management of brain metastases, as well as providing an overview of current therapies and highlighting innovative research towards developing novel efficacious targeted therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.