ArticleNature communications2021
Agonistic CD40 therapy induces tertiary lymphoid structures but impairs responses to checkpoint blockade in glioma.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between the tertiary lymphoid structure and immune-infiltrating cells in gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between tertiary lymphoid structure density and immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in solid tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Research hotspots and trend of glioblastoma immunotherapy: a bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- The prognostic value of the tertiary lymphoid structure in gastrointestinal cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Intratumoral B cell and interferon signatures in newly diagnosed glioblastoma are associated with longer survival in patients treated with SurVaxM.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Trial
- Reshaping the tumor microenvironment of cold soft-tissue sarcomas with anti-angiogenics: a phase 2 trial of regorafenib combined with avelumab.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Integrative multi-omics analysis uncovers tumor-immune-gut axis influencing immunotherapy outcomes in ovarian cancer.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Sotigalimab and/or nivolumab with chemotherapy in first-line metastatic pancreatic cancer: clinical and immunologic analyses from the randomized phase 2 PRINCE trial.Nature medicine · 2022Trial
- Harnessing Natural Killer Cells: From Neuroimmunology to Novel Therapies for Central Nervous System Diseases.MedComm · 2026Review
- Article
- Humoral immunity in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Immune niches in brain tumors: glial-immune cell interactions and spatial microdomains.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance and Recent Advances in Glioblastoma Treatment.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in neuroinflammation coordinate neuroimmune homeostasis and pathological progression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 blockade overcomes immune exclusion in NSCLC brain metastases by enhancing CD8Nature communications · 2026Article
- CD40 Agonist Therapy in Melanoma: Translating Preclinical Promise Into Clinical Practice.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2026Review
- Pan-cancer spatial atlas of tertiary lymphoid structures.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- The formation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- TCF1+CD4+ T cells and microglia co-orchestrate tertiary lymphoid structures to enhance prognosis and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gliomas are brain tumors characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Immunostimulatory agonistic CD40 antibodies (αCD40) are in clinical development for solid tumors, but are yet to be evaluated for glioma. Here, we demonstrate that systemic delivery of αCD40 in preclinical glioma models induces the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in proximity of meningeal tissue. In treatment-naïve glioma patients, the presence of TLS correlates with increased T cell infiltration. However, systemic delivery of αCD40 induces hypofunctional T cells and impairs the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in pre-clinical glioma models. This is associated with a systemic induction of suppressive CD11b
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.