ArticleNature communications2021
Post-capillary venules are the key locus for transcytosis-mediated brain delivery of therapeutic nanoparticles.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Bacterial extracellular vesicles indirectly destabilize a human stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier on-chip through pro-inflammatory stimulation of immune cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Development of the blood-brain barrier.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Review
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- Whispering Through the Barrier: Signaling Interfaces for Peripheral Regulation of Brain Function in Obesity.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Shear Conditioning Promotes Microvascular Endothelial Barrier Resilience in a Human BBB-on-a-Chip Model of Systemic Inflammation Leading to Astrogliosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Real-time single-vessel analysis reveals vascular-type-dependent blood-brain barrier dysfunction in rodent models of status epilepticus and neuroinflammation.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- A highly mobile adeno-associated virus targeting vascular smooth muscle cells for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Effective treatments of neurodegenerative diseases require drugs to be actively transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, nanoparticle drug carriers explored for this purpose show negligible brain uptake, and the lack of basic understanding of nanoparticle-BBB interactions underlies many translational failures. Here, using two-photon microscopy in mice, we characterize the receptor-mediated transcytosis of nanoparticles at all steps of delivery to the brain in vivo. We show that transferrin receptor-targeted liposome nanoparticles are sequestered by the endothelium at capillaries and venules, but not at arterioles. The nanoparticles move unobstructed within endothelium, but transcytosis-mediated brain entry occurs mainly at post-capillary venules, and is negligible in capillaries. The vascular location of nanoparticle brain entry corresponds to the presence of perivascular space, which facilitates nanoparticle movement after transcytosis. Thus, post-capillary venules are the point-of-least resistance at the BBB, and compared to capillaries, provide a more feasible route for nanoparticle drug carriers into the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.