Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34225788›Full record

ArticleGenome medicine2021

A global overview of genetically interpretable multimorbidities among common diseases in the UK Biobank.

Guiying Dong, Jianfeng Feng, Fengzhu Sun, Jingqi Chen, Xing-Ming Zhao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Berberine and health outcomes: an overview of systematic reviews.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025
    Pooled it
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  6. Primary care diagnosed multimorbidity and risk of venous thromboembolism in Sweden.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Guiying DongInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Jianfeng FengInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Fengzhu SunMolecular and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Jingqi ChenInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China. jingqichen@fudan.edu.cn.
Xing-Ming ZhaoInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China. xmzhao@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-4531-3970

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_PC_17228Medical Research Council MC_QA137853
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMultimorbidities greatly increase the global health burdens, but the landscapes of their genetic risks have not been systematically investigated.

methodsWe used the hospital inpatient data of 385,335 patients in the UK Biobank to investigate the multimorbid relations among 439 common diseases. Post-GWAS analyses were performed to identify multimorbidity shared genetic risks at the genomic loci, network, as well as overall genetic architecture levels. We conducted network decomposition for the networks of genetically interpretable multimorbidities to detect the hub diseases and the involved molecules and functions in each module.

resultsIn total, 11,285 multimorbidities among 439 common diseases were identified, and 46% of them were genetically interpretable at the loci, network, or overall genetic architecture levels. Multimorbidities affecting the same and different physiological systems displayed different patterns of the shared genetic components, with the former more likely to share loci-level genetic components while the latter more likely to share network-level genetic components. Moreover, both the loci- and network-level genetic components shared by multimorbidities converged on cell immunity, protein metabolism, and gene silencing. Furthermore, we found that the genetically interpretable multimorbidities tend to form network modules, mediated by hub diseases and featuring physiological categories. Finally, we showcased how hub diseases mediating the multimorbidity modules could help provide useful insights for the genetic contributors of multimorbidities.

conclusionsOur results provide a systematic resource for understanding the genetic predispositions of multimorbidities and indicate that hub diseases and converged molecules and functions may be the key for treating multimorbidities. We have created an online database that facilitates researchers and physicians to browse, search, or download these multimorbidities ( https://multimorbidity.comp-sysbio.org ).

Indexed as

Biological Specimen BanksGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetics, PopulationMultimorbidityAdultAgedAlgorithmsDatabases, FactualFemaleGenetic Association StudiesGenetic VariationGlobal HealthHumansMaleMiddle AgedModels, TheoreticalConverged biological functionGenetic factorsHub diseasesMultimorbidityMultimorbidity module

Identifiers

PMID34225788
PMCPMC8258962

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.