ArticleGenome medicine2021
The host transcriptional response to Candidemia is dominated by neutrophil activation and heme biosynthesis and supports novel diagnostic approaches.
Article in Genome medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- The host transcriptional response to real-world cryptococcosis in the setting of advanced HIV disease defines dysregulated immune responses that underlie increased vulnerability to infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial-nucleic acid probe synergy: accelerating rapid pathogen detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in bloodstream infections.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Dissection of innate-immune-ligand- and interferon-protein-mediated transcriptional responses in human THP1 cell states.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Omics and Multiomics-Based Diagnostics for Invasive Candidiasis: Toward Precision Medicine.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2025Review
- Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Cytokine Release Syndrome in Patients with Cancer: Focus on Infectious Disease Considerations.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Impact of different pathogen classes on the serumBBA advances · 2025Article
- Diagnostic efficiency of inflammatory signatures to distinguish isolated candidemia from candidemia with bacterial co-infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Harnessing the host response for precision infectious disease diagnosis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 human challenge reveals biomarkers that discriminate early and late phases of respiratory viral infections.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Systemic Innate Immunity in Health and Disease Using a 2D Gene Model.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Article
- Host-response transcriptional biomarkers accurately discriminate bacterial and viral infections of global relevance.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Efficient De Novo Biosynthesis of Heme by Membrane Engineering inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Transcriptional Profiles Elucidate Differential Host Responses to Infection withJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Prospective Validation of a Rapid Host Gene Expression Test to Discriminate Bacterial From Viral Respiratory Infection.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- The host transcriptional response to Candidemia is dominated by neutrophil activation and heme biosynthesis and supports novel diagnostic approaches.Genome medicine · 2021Article
- What's Hot in Transplant Infectious Diseases?Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation SocietyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCandidemia is one of the most common nosocomial bloodstream infections in the United States, causing significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, but the breadth of the host response to Candida infections in human patients remains poorly defined.
methodsIn order to better define the host response to Candida infection at the transcriptional level, we performed RNA sequencing on serial peripheral blood samples from 48 hospitalized patients with blood cultures positive for Candida species and compared them to patients with other acute viral, bacterial, and non-infectious illnesses. Regularized multinomial regression was utilized to develop pathogen class-specific gene expression classifiers.
resultsCandidemia triggers a unique, robust, and conserved transcriptomic response in human hosts with 1641 genes differentially upregulated compared to healthy controls. Many of these genes corresponded to components of the immune response to fungal infection, heavily weighted toward neutrophil activation, heme biosynthesis, and T cell signaling. We developed pathogen class-specific classifiers from these unique signals capable of identifying and differentiating candidemia, viral, or bacterial infection across a variety of hosts with a high degree of accuracy (auROC 0.98 for candidemia, 0.99 for viral and bacterial infection). This classifier was validated on two separate human cohorts (auROC 0.88 for viral infection and 0.87 for bacterial infection in one cohort; auROC 0.97 in another cohort) and an in vitro model (auROC 0.94 for fungal infection, 0.96 for bacterial, and 0.90 for viral infection).
conclusionsTranscriptional analysis of circulating leukocytes in patients with acute Candida infections defines novel aspects of the breadth of the human immune response during candidemia and suggests promising diagnostic approaches for simultaneously differentiating multiple types of clinical illnesses in at-risk, acutely ill patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.