ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Traumatic brain injury results in unique microglial and astrocyte transcriptomes enriched for type I interferon response.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- ISG15+ Müller glial subtype contributes to early blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- P2X7 receptor-mediated IL-1β release by human brain tissue: the impact of CNS-penetrant potential therapeutics.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Mild and repetitive mild traumatic brain injury: Changes in microglial cells and synapses.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Semaglutide exerts neuroprotective effects by blocking the interleukin-17/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3-mediated neuroinflammation pathway after traumatic brain injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Microglia and neuroinflammation: An in-depth analysis from functional diversity to disease mechanisms.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Sexual Dimorphism in the Microglial Inflammatory Response After Traumatic Brain Injury.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Repeated mild spinal cord contusions exacerbate tauopathy development in PS19 mice.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Type I interferon signaling in microglia drives synaptic engulfment and neuronal loss following traumatic brain injury.Research square · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of inflammatory response in secondary brain injury: a review of computational approaches, challenges, and future directions.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2026Review
- Adapted Smart-seq3xpress Facilitates Selective Microglial Transcriptomic Profiling From Frozen Brain Tissue.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- USP4 modulates ZBP1 ubiquitination to regulate microglial PANoptosis and functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Natural killer cells aggravate neuroinflammation through microglial type I interferon pathway activation after traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Dissection of Microglial Heterogeneity and Identification of Pain-Related Subpopulations After Traumatic Brain Injury.Pain research & management · 2026Article
- CSF1R and IL1R1 inhibitors synergistically attenuate the early pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury in mice.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Pontine pathology mediates common symptoms of blast-induced chronic mild traumatic brain injury.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Th17 cells and IL-17A in traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hematopoietic EphA4 deficiency alters microglial heterogeneity and improves chronic spatial memory after brain injury.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Astrocyte activation persists one year after TBI: a dynamic shift from inflammation to neurodegeneration.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Differential Effects of Murine Stroke Models on Dopaminergic Neurons, Glial Responses, and Neurobehavioral Outcomes.Translational stroke research · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability that lacks neuroprotective therapies. Following a TBI, secondary injury response pathways are activated and contribute to ongoing neurodegeneration. Microglia and astrocytes are critical neuroimmune modulators with early and persistent reactivity following a TBI. Although histologic glial reactivity is well established, a precise understanding of microglia and astrocyte function following trauma remains unknown.
methodsAdult male C57BL/6J mice underwent either fluid percussion or sham injury. RNA sequencing of concurrently isolated microglia and astrocytes was conducted 7 days post-injury to evaluate cell-type-specific transcriptional responses to TBI. Dual in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence were used to validate the TBI-induced gene expression changes in microglia and astrocytes and to identify spatial orientation of cells expressing these genes. Comparative analysis was performed between our glial transcriptomes and those from prior reports in mild TBI and other neurologic diseases to determine if severe TBI induces unique states of microglial and astrocyte activation.
resultsOur findings revealed sustained, lineage-specific transcriptional changes in both microglia and astrocytes, with microglia showing a greater transcriptional response than astrocytes at this subacute time point. Microglia and astrocytes showed overlapping enrichment for genes related to type I interferon signaling and MHC class I antigen presentation. The microglia and astrocyte transcriptional response to severe TBI was distinct from prior reports in mild TBI and other neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.
conclusionConcurrent lineage-specific analysis revealed novel TBI-specific transcriptional changes; these findings highlight the importance of cell-type-specific analysis of glial reactivity following TBI and may assist with the identification of novel, targeted therapies.
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