ArticleThe Science of the total environment2021
Close proximity risk assessment for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can Non-Thermal Microwave Irradiation Inactivate Viruses? A Review with Some Computations.Viruses · 2026Review
- A Qualitative Framework for Ranking the Relative Likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Between People and Felids at Zoological Interfaces.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Transmission of respiratory infectious diseases based on real close contact behavior in an emergency room.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Computational modeling of cough-induced droplets and mucosal film dynamics in the upper airway for pulmonary disease classification.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Review of COVID-19: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Advancement in Diagnostic and Detection Techniques, and Post-Pandemic Treatment Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Applications of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment to Respiratory Pathogens and Implications for Uptake in Policy: A State-of-the-Science Review.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Review
- Perception of interpersonal distance and social distancing before and during COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- On-site airborne pathogen detection for infection risk mitigation.Chemical Society reviews · 2023Review
- Respiratory particle emission rates from children during speaking.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A coupled experimental and statistical approach for an assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk at indoor event locations.BMC public health · 2023Article
- From Microscopic Droplets to Macroscopic Crowds: Crossing the Scales in Models of Short-Range Respiratory Disease Transmission, with Application to COVID-19.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Determining the filtration effectiveness of non-standard respiratory protective devices by an ad-hoc laboratory methodology.Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994) · 2023Article
- A CFD-based framework to assess airborne infection risk in buildings.Building and environment · 2023Article
- Airborne infections related to virus aerosol contamination at indoor cultural venues: Recommendations on how to minimize.Public health challenges · 2023Review
- Large eddy simulation of droplet transport and deposition in the human respiratory tract to evaluate inhalation risk.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Effect of indoor temperature on the velocity fields and airborne transmission of sneeze droplets: An experimental study and transient CFD modeling.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Modelling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on workplace transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the home-delivery sector.PloS one · 2023Article
- Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 airborne infection transmission risk in public buses.Geoscience frontiers · 2022Article
- The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Review
- Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Hospitals: Effects of Aerosol-Generating Procedures, HEPA-Filtration Units, Patient Viral Load, and Physical Distance.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the interpersonal distance represents an important parameter affecting the risk of infection due to respiratory viruses, the mechanism of exposure to exhaled droplets remains insufficiently characterized. In this study, an integrated risk assessment is presented for SARS-CoV-2 close proximity exposure between a speaking infectious subject and a susceptible subject. It is based on a three-dimensional transient numerical model for the description of exhaled droplet spread once emitted by a speaking person, coupled with a recently proposed SARS-CoV-2 emission approach. Particle image velocimetry measurements were conducted to validate the numerical model. The contribution of the large droplets to the risk is barely noticeable only for distances well below 0.6 m, whereas it drops to zero for greater distances where it depends only on airborne droplets. In particular, for short exposures (10 s) a minimum safety distance of 0.75 m should be maintained to lower the risk below 0.1%; for exposures of 1 and 15 min this distance increases to about 1.1 and 1.5 m, respectively. Based on the interpersonal distances across countries reported as a function of interacting individuals, cultural differences, and environmental and sociopsychological factors, the approach presented here revealed that, in addition to intimate and personal distances, particular attention must be paid to exposures longer than 1 min within social distances (of about 1 m).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.