ArticlePsycho-oncology2022
Greater financial toxicity relates to greater distress and worse quality of life among breast and gynecologic cancer survivors.
Article in Psycho-oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing Financial Toxicity in Cancer: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using an Asset Framework.Cancer medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Breast Cancer Patients' Experiences of Coping With Financial Toxicity: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Meta-Synthesis.Psycho-oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of financial toxicity and associated factors in female patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of self-acupressure on the fatigue-sleep disturbance-depression symptom cluster in breast cancer survivors: a phase III randomised controlled trial.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Trial
- Quality of life and appraisal factors of patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Trial
- Financial hardship among patients with lung cancer and their family caregivers: A comparative study of two institution-based samples from Hong Kong and Mainland China.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- A comprehensive model for gynecologic cancer patients' survivorship care.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Review
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Financial Toxicity Among Sarcoma Patients During and Following Treatment Across the Lifespan.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Financial concerns: a critical gap in survivors' experience of the implementation of the national standards for cancer survivorship care.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Examination of insurance type and cancer treatments with administrative burdens and financial toxicity in a sample of cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Letter to the Editor of Annals of Surgical Oncology Concerning "Financial Toxicity among Survivors of Extremity and Pelvic Sarcoma: A Retrospective Study".Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- The influence of family resilience and benefit finding on the financial toxicity of primary caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: a cross-sectional study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Financial toxicity among breast cancer survivors receiving care during the pandemic.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Changes in Cost of Guideline-Concordant Cancer Treatment: Observations and Implications.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- Long-term quality of life, financial toxicity, and decision regret following therapeutic and prophylactic gastrectomy for cancer.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Article
- Financial toxicity trajectories and their association with short-term and long-term health outcomes in Chinese patients with cancer: a prospective cohort study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Financial toxicity and psychosocial distress of breast and cervical cancer patients at a tertiary healthcare facility in south-western Nigeria.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Distinct financial and social hardships among gastrointestinal cancer survivors: a national survey analysis.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Understanding financial toxicity in cancer care through a social-ecological lens.Current opinion in oncology · 2026Review
- Predictors of Patient-Reported Financial Hardship in Patients Hospitalized With Critical Illness and Its Association With Patient Outcomes.CHEST critical care · 2026Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFinancial toxicity includes distress and burden from cancer-related costs. Women are more likely to experience worse cancer-related financial outcomes than men. This study evaluated breast and gynecologic cancer patients' subjective experiences of financial toxicity and associations with distress and quality of life (QOL).
methodsA cross-sectional survey study included measures of financial toxicity (Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity [COST] Version 2), distress (Patient Health Questionnaire), and QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy). Chi-square, t-tests, and ANOVAs examined bivariate relationships. Two regression models tested associations between financial toxicity and distress and QOL, controlling for covariates. Financial toxicity subgroups were compared based on a validated grading system.
resultsParticipants (N = 273; 74% breast cancer) averaged 54.65 years (SD = 12.08), were 3.42 years (SD = 4.20) post-diagnosis, and 33% reported cancer-related change in employment status. Financial toxicity was "mild" overall (COST M = 26.11, SD = 11.14); 32% worried about cancer-related financial problems (quite a bit/very much; item-level analysis). Worse financial toxicity related to younger age (p < 0.001), identifying as a non-Asian minority (p = 0.03) or Hispanic (p = 0.01), being single (p < 0.001), lower education (p = 0.004), lower income (p < 0.001), late-stage disease (p = 0.001), recurrent disease (p = 0.004), and active treatment (p < 0.001). In separate multivariable models, greater financial toxicity related to greater distress (β = -0.45 p < 0.001) and worse QOL (β = 0.58, p < 0.001). Financial toxicity subgroups reported clinically significant differences in distress and QOL (p's < 0.05).
conclusionsCancer-related financial burden is associated with pervasive negative effects and may impact subgroups differently. Future research should explore financial experiences across subgroups, aiming to better identify those at risk and build targeted interventions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.