ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2021
Older adults' access to primary care: Gender, racial, and ethnic disparities in telemedicine.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Virtual Consultations on the Quality of Primary Care: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- Telehealth Use Among Older Adults Receiving Home- and Community-Based Services: Cross-Sectional Analysis Using the National Core Indicators-Aging and Disabilities Survey.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Identifying trajectories across care modalities before and after COVID-19 using sequence analysis.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Identifying Skill and Usability Barriers to Digital Health Tool Use Among Older Adult Patients in US Safety Net Clinics: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Telemedicine Adoption, US Ambulatory Visits, and Total Medical Spending, 2019-2023.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Trajectories of In-Person and Remote Care Utilization: A Sequence Analysis of Primary Care Modalities Pre- and Post-COVID-19.Research square · 2025Article
- A self-report measure of digital skills needed to use digital health tools among older adults-the Skills Measurement and Readiness Training for Digital Health (SMART Digital Health) Scale.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2025Article
- Race-Specific Impact of Telehealth Advance Care Planning on Cost of Dementia: A Cost Prediction Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Uses of Virtual Care in Primary Care: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Pandemic COVID-19 as a challenge for telemedicine in the Czech Republic.The International journal of health planning and management · 2025Article
- Higher than expected telemedicine use by racial and ethnic minority and cognitively impaired Medicare beneficiaries.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Article
- Disparities in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: recommendations from an interprofessional consensus panel.Blood cancer journal · 2024Review
- Closing the gap: addressing telehealth disparities across specialties in the sustained pandemic era.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- Telehealth Uptake Among Hispanic People During COVID-19: Retrospective Observational Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2024Article
- Telemedicine and Disparities in Mental Health Service Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2024Observational
- Patient factors associated with telehealth quality and experience among adults with chronic conditions.JAMIA open · 2024Article
- Acculturation and Disparities in Telemedicine Readiness: A National Study.International journal of aging & human development · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of telehealth versus in-person care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Review
- Assisted living residents with dementia: Disparities in mental health services pre and during COVID-19.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn 2020, primary care practices adopted telemedicine as an alternative to in-person visits. Little is known about whether access to telemedicine was equitable, especially among older patients. Our objectives were to (1) examine older adults' use of telemedicine versus in-person primary care visits and (2) compare hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) between the groups.
methodsIn this retrospective cross-sectional study of 17,103 patients aged ≥65 years seen at 32 clinics in the Mid-Atlantic, primary care patients were classified into two groups-telemedicine versus in person-based on the first visit between March and May 2020 and followed up for 14 days. Using multivariable logistic regression, we measured the odds of being seen via telemedicine versus in person as a function of patient demographics, comorbidities, and week of study period. We then measured the odds of ACSC hospitalization by visit modality.
resultsMean age was 75.1 years (SD, 7.5), 60.6% of patients were female, 64.6% white, 28.1% black, and 2.0% Hispanic. Overall, 60.3% of patients accessed primary care via telemedicine. Black (vs. white) patients had higher odds of using telemedicine (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.14-1.47) and Hispanic (vs. not Hispanic) patients had lower odds (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42-0.92). Compared with the in-person group, patients in the telemedicine group had lower odds of ACSC hospitalization (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61-1.00). Among patients who used telemedicine, black patients had 1.43 higher odds of ACSC hospitalization (95% CI, 1.02-2.01) compared with white patients. Patients aged 85 or older seen via telemedicine had higher odds of an ACSC hospitalization (aOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.03-2.47) compared with patients aged 65-74.
conclusionsThese findings support the use of telemedicine for primary care access for older adults. However, the observed disparities highlight the need to improve care quality and equity regardless of visit modality.
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