SynthesisDrugs2021
Pharmacokinetics of Commonly Used Antimicrobials in Critically Ill Adults During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Drugs, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibacterial Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): A Systematic Review of Population Pharmacokinetic Studies.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of Commonly Used Antimicrobials in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review.Paediatric drugs · 2023Pooled it
- Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in Special Populations: A Call to Action.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Disease severity modifies the ceftazidime-avibactam exposure-response relationship in critically ill patients: a retrospective study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Optimizing Drug Therapy in ECMO-Supported Critically Ill Adults: A Narrative Review and Clinical Guide.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Infection and antibiotic patterns in critically ill patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Turk gogus kalp damar cerrahisi dergisi · 2025Article
- Optimising Meropenem and Piperacillin Dosing in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Renal Dysfunction (MEPIMEX).Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Characterization of pathogenic bacterial distribution in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-related nosocomial infections and the prognostic value of early inflammatory biomarkers for infection survival.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- No Sequestration of Commonly Used Anti-Infectives in the Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Circuit-An Ex Vivo Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult patients with sepsis and septic shock: Why, how, when, and for whom.Journal of intensive medicine · 2024Review
- Pharmacokinetic Changes and Influencing Factors of Polymyxin B in Different ECMO Modes.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with development of macrophage activation syndrome and disseminated aspergillosis.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2023Article
- Very Low Driving-Pressure Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Physiologic Study.Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia · 2023Article
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Dosing Considerations of Novel β-Lactams and β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Critically Ill Adult Patients: Focus on Obesity, Augmented Renal Clearance, Renal Replacement Therapies, and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill Korean patients and the effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Antibiotics and ECMO in the Adult Population-Persistent Challenges and Practical Guides.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on voriconazole plasma concentrations: A retrospective study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAdequate dosing of antimicrobials is critical to properly treat infections and limit development of resistance and adverse effects. Limited guidance exists for antimicrobial dosing adjustments in patients requiring extracorporporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. A systematic review was conducted to delineate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of antimicrobials in critically ill adult patients requiring ECMO.
methodsMedline, EMBASE, Global Health, and All EBM Reviews databases were searched. Grey literature was examined. All studies reporting PK/PD parameters of antimicrobials in critically ill adults treated with ECMO were included, except for case reports and congress abstracts. Ex vivo studies were included. Two independent reviewers applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Reviewers were then paired to independently abstract data and evaluate methodological quality of studies using the ROBINS-I tool and the compliance with ClinPK guidelines. Patients' and studies' characteristics, key PK/PD findings, details of ECMO circuits and co-treatments were summarized qualitatively. Dosing recommendations were formulated based on data from controlled studies.
resultsThirty-two clinical studies were included; most were observational and uncontrolled. Fourteen ex vivo studies were analysed. Information on patient characteristics and co-treatments was often missing. The effect of ECMO on PK/PD parameters of antimicrobials varied depending on the studied drugs. Few dosing recommendations could be formulated given the lack of good quality data.
conclusionLimited data exist on the PK/PD of antimicrobials during ECMO therapy. Rigorously designed and well powered populational PK studies are required to establish empiric dosing guidelines for antimicrobials in patients requiring ECMO support. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018099992 (Registered: July 24th 2018).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.