ReviewTranslational stroke research2021
Four Decades of Ischemic Penumbra and Its Implication for Ischemic Stroke.
Review in Translational stroke research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Versus Aspirin in Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in the extended time window of 4.5-24 h: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Cognitive Outcomes After Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Ischaemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis and the PRECISE-ACTION Framework for Transdisciplinary Cognitive Management.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- Association of Post-Procedural Serum Sodium with 90-Day Mortality in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Retrospective Single-Centre Observational Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Predicting Functional Prognosis in Supratentorial Stroke Using [¹⁸F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography.Yonsei medical journal · 2026Article
- Protein-protein interaction-mediated signaling networks in ischemic stroke: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the Nrf2-Keap1 Pathway in Patients with Acute Cerebral Ischemic Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- RNA-binding protein RCAN1.1L modulates ATF2 mRNA stability to promote mitochondrial fission in acute ischemic stroke.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Propofol upregulates MFG‑E8 in BV2 cells to inhibit pyroptosis mediated by the NF‑κB/NLRP3 pathway, thereby ameliorating ischemic‑reperfusion neuronal injury.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Ferroptosis-Driven Neuronal Damage Exacerbation in Diabetic Stroke: Implications of SLC7A11 Inhibition.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Neurovascular Unit-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Post-Stroke Pathology and Neurorestoration.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Observational
- Heterogeneity of Microglia in Ischemic Stroke from the Perspective of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing: Subset Characteristics, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2026Review
- Stimuli-Responsive Biomimetic Nanomedicines for Targeted Therapy in Ischemic Stroke: Design Principles, Preclinical Evidence and Translational Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- NIHSS mismatch as a predictor of early neurological improvement after mechanical thrombectomy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Vasospasm following resection of olfactory groove meningiomas via orbitozygomatic craniotomy: illustrative cases.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2025Article
- Ischemic stroke and intervention strategies based on the timeline of stroke progression: Review and prospects.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Macrophage-mimetic liposomes co-delivering ceria and Ac2-26 peptide for penumbra protection in ischemic stroke.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- A review: Carrier-based hydrogels containing bioactive molecules and stem cells for ischemic stroke therapy.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ischemic penumbra defined four decades ago has been the main battleground of ischemic stroke. The evolving ischemic penumbra concept has been providing insight for the development of vascular and cellular approaches as well as diagnostic tools for the treatment of ischemic stroke. rt-PA thrombolytic therapy to prevent the transition of ischemic penumbra to core has been approved for acute ischemic stroke within 3 h and was later recommended to extend to 4.5 h after symptom onset. Mechanical thrombectomy was introduced for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with a therapeutic window of up to 24 h after stroke onset. Multiple modalities brain imaging techniques have been developed that provide guidance to define ischemic penumbra for reperfusion therapy in clinical practice. Cellular and molecular dissection of ischemic penumbra has been providing targets for the development of neuroprotective therapy for ischemic stroke. However, the dynamic nature of ischemic penumbra implicates that infarct core eventually expands into penumbra over time without reperfusion, dictating relative short therapeutic windows and limiting the impact of current reperfusion intervention. Entering the 5
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.