ArticleEndocrine2021
Modulation of ACE-2 mRNA by inflammatory cytokines in human thyroid cells: a pilot study.
Article in Endocrine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subacute thyroiditis as a post-COVID-19 complication: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Menstrual disturbance associated with COVID-19 vaccines: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Endocrine system after 2 years of COVID-19 vaccines: A narrative review of the literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19-Associated Subacute Thyroiditis: Evidence-Based Data From a Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Edaravone attenuates doxorubicin-induced oral mucosal injury via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and the SIRT1/TLR4/NF-kB/ACE2 axis in rats.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Menstrual Cycle Disturbances after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2024Article
- Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Graves' Disease Exacerbation with Impending Thyroid Storm After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2024Article
- Article
- A prospective follow-up on thyroid function, thyroid autoimmunity and long COVID among 250 COVID-19 survivors.Endocrine · 2023Article
- ACE2 in male genitourinary and endocrine systems: Does COVID-19 really affect these systems?Histology and histopathology · 2023Review
- Article
- Role of the immune system and possible mechanisms in COVID-19 vaccine-induced thyroiditis: Case report and literature review.Journal of clinical and translational endocrinology case reports · 2022Article
- Thyroid function changes and COVID-19 severity: egg or chicken?Endocrine · 2022Article
- The Expression Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Mediating Molecules Promoted by Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Are Downregulated by Hydrogen Sulfide.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Development of a prediction score (ThyroCOVID) for identifying abnormal thyroid function in COVID-19 patients.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- Vitamin D and interferon-γ co-operate to increase the ACE-2 receptor expression in primary cultures of human thyroid cells.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the diagnostic features and clinical course of COVID-19 vaccine-associated subacute thyroiditis.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2022Article
- Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in thyroid follicular cells from a COVID-19 autopsy series.European thyroid journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAngiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE-2) was demonstrated to be the receptor for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. ACE-2 mRNA was identified in several human tissues and recently also in thyroid cells in vitro. PURPOSE: Aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the ACE-2 mRNA levels in human thyroid cells in primary cultures.
methodsPrimary thyroid cell cultures were treated with IFN-γ and TNF-α alone or in combination for 24 h. ACE-2 mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. As a control, the levels of IFN-γ inducible chemokine (CXCL10) were measured in the respective cell culture supernatants.
resultsThe mean levels of ACE-2 mRNA increased after treatment with IFN-γ and TNF-α in all the thyroid cell preparations, while the combination treatment did not consistently synergically increase ACE-2-mRNA. At difference, CXCL10 was consistently increased by IFN-γ and synergically further increased by the combination treatment with IFN-γ + TNF-α, with respect to IFN-γ alone.
conclusionsThe results of the present study show that IFN-γ and, to a lesser extent TNF-α consistently increase ACE-2 mRNA levels in NHT primary cultures. More interestingly, the combined stimulation (proven to be effective according to the synergic effect registered for CXCL10) produces different responses in terms of ACE-2 mRNA modulation. These results would suggest that elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines could facilitate the entering of the virus in cells by further increasing ACE-2 expression and/or account for the different degree of severity of SARS-COV-2 infection. This hypothesis deserves to be confirmed by further specific studies.
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