ArticlePalliative medicine reports2021
Transmucosal Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Dyspnea: Case Series and Review of the Literature.
Article in Palliative medicine reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can Buprenorphine Be Overdosed? The Ceiling Effect and Its Clinical Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Full μ-opioid agonists are commonly employed in advanced disease to relieve dyspnea of various etiologies. Although there are ongoing debates and studies regarding the relative efficacy of different agents, a factor limiting more general use is a concern about side effects, in particular respiratory depression. Buprenorphine is a partial μ receptor agonist and a κ-opioid receptor antagonist, with a better safety profile than full μ receptor agonists. We conducted a literature search, which did not reveal any studies looking at the use of buprenorphine to treat dyspnea. We also report a case series of three patients with dyspnea of various etiologies treated with buprenorphine, with an apparent excellent response of dyspnea to treatment, without any significant side effects. Given those results, as well as the potential impact of κ-opioid receptor antagonism on dyspnea-associated anxiety, we conclude that there is a need for controlled studies of buprenorphine against full μ-opioid agonists for the symptomatic treatment of dyspnea in palliative care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.