ArticleJAC-antimicrobial resistance2020
The impact of stringent prescription-only antimicrobial sale regulation (Schedule H1) in India: an interrupted time series analysis, 2008-18.
Article in JAC-antimicrobial resistance, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Administrative interventions in antimicrobial stewardship: a global scoping review of all WHO regions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Strategies and Recent Advances in Tackling Antibacterial Resistance in India: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Did the periodic intensification of routine immunisation strategy (Intensified mission Indradhanush) reduce the demand for pediatric antibiotic formulations in India?BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Patterns of antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections in under-three-year-old children in India: A cross-sectional study.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Sales Comparison before and after the Implementation of Nationwide Restriction Policy in Saudi Arabia.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Systemic antibiotic sales and WHO recommendations, India.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Article
- Antibiotic consumption in India: geographical variations and temporal changes between 2011 and 2019.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2022Article
- Consumption of systemic antibiotics in India in 2019.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2022Article
- Article
- Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention on Usage of Antibiotics in Coronavirus Disease-2019 at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in India.IJID regions · 2022Article
- Understanding dynamics of private tuberculosis pharmacy market: a qualitative inquiry from a South Indian district.BMJ open · 2022Article
- A road-map for addressing antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries: lessons learnt from the public private participation and co-designed antimicrobial stewardship programme in the State of Kerala, India.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the impact of Schedule H1 regulation notified and implemented in 2014 under the amended rules of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act (DCA), 1940 on the sale of antimicrobials in the private sector in India.
methodsThe dataset was obtained from the Indian pharmaceutical sales database, PharmaTrac. The outcome measure was the sales volume of antimicrobials in standard units (SUs). A quasi-experimental research design-interrupted time series analysis-was used to detect the impact of the intervention.
resultsWe observed a substantial rise in antimicrobial consumption during 2008-18 in the private sector in India, both for antimicrobials regulated under Schedule H1 as well as outside the regulation. Key results suggested that post-intervention there was an immediate reduction (level change) in use of Schedule H1 antimicrobials by 10% (
conclusionsThough the regulation had a positive impact in terms of reducing sales of antimicrobials notified under the regulation, optimizing the effectiveness of such stand-alone policies will be limited unless accompanied by a broader set of interventions.
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Registered trials
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