Observational studyBMJ paediatrics open2021
Copper and zinc concentrations in the breast milk of mothers undergoing treatment for Wilson's disease: a prospective study.
Observational study in BMJ paediatrics open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unable to walk or eat without assistance in pregnancy-Wilson's disease in a resource-limited and conflict-affected setting: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- A Guide to the Management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Pregnancy and Lactation.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Review
- Chinese Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Orphan/Anticopper Drugs and Other Non-drug Management of Hepatolenticular Degeneration.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Medical care of patients with Wilson disease in Germany: a multidisciplinary survey among university centers.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2023Article
- Metallomic and Untargeted Metabolomic Signatures of Human Milk from SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2022Observational
- Practical insights into chronic management of hepatic Wilson's disease.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
- Wilson disease and pregnancy.Clinical liver diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the concentrations of copper and zinc in the breast milk of mothers undergoing treatment for Wilson's disease (WD) and clarify whether they can safely breast feed their infants. Design: This was an observational and prospective study in an individual-based case series. Setting: Breast milk samples were collected from participants across Japan from 2007 to 2018 at the Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University in Tokyo. This was a primary-care level study. Clinical data were collected from the participants' physicians. Patients: Eighteen Japanese mothers with WD who were treated with trientine, penicillamine or zinc, and 25 healthy mothers as controls, were enrolled. Main outcome measures: Whey exacted from the milk was used to evaluate the distribution of copper by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Copper and zinc concentrations in the breast milk samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: Copper distribution was normal in the breast milk of mothers with WD treated with trientine, penicillamine or zinc. No peak was detected for trientine-bound or penicillamine-bound copper. The mean copper concentrations in the mature breast milk of patients treated with trientine, penicillamine and zinc were 29.6, 26 and 38 µg/dL, respectively, and were within the normal range compared with the value in healthy controls (33 µg/dL). Likewise, mean zinc concentrations were normal in the mature breast milk of patients treated with trientine and penicillamine (153 and 134 µg/dL, respectively vs 160 µg/dL in healthy controls). Zinc concentrations in the breast milk of mothers treated with zinc were significantly higher than those in control milk. All infants were born normally, breast fed by mothers undergoing treatment and exhibited normal development. Conclusions: Our results suggest that mothers with WD can safely breast feed their infants, even if they are receiving treatment for WD.
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