Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34222176›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in public health

How Can Health Systems Better Prepare for the Next Pandemic? Lessons Learned From the Management of COVID-19 in Quebec (Canada).

Hassane Alami, Pascale Lehoux, Richard Fleet, Jean-Paul Fortin, Joanne Liu, Randa Attieh, Stéphanie Bernadette Mafalda Cadeddu, Mamane Abdoulaye Samri, Mathilde Savoldelli, Mohamed Ali Ag Ahmed

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in public health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Key factors for promoting protective behaviours in future pandemics: an umbrella review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026
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  16. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Antimicrobial Purchasing in Canada (2018-2021): An Exploratory Analysis.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hassane AlamiCenter for Public Health Research of the University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Pascale LehouxCenter for Public Health Research of the University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Richard FleetVITAM Research Centre on Sustainable Health, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.
Jean-Paul FortinVITAM Research Centre on Sustainable Health, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.
Joanne LiuFaculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Randa AttiehResearch Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Stéphanie Bernadette Mafalda CadedduResearch Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Mamane Abdoulaye SamriVITAM Research Centre on Sustainable Health, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.
Mathilde SavoldelliSchool for Advanced Studies in Public Health (EHESP), Rennes, France.
Mohamed Ali Ag AhmedResearch Chair on Chronic Diseases in Primary Care, Sherbrooke University, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic challenged societies around our globalized world. To contain the spread of the virus, unprecedented and drastic measures and policies were put in place by governments to manage an exceptional health care situation while maintaining other essential services. The responses of many governments showed a lack of preparedness to face this systemic and global health crisis. Drawing on field observations and available data on the first wave of the pandemic (mid-March to mid-May 2020) in Quebec (Canada), this article reviewed and discussed the successes and failures that characterized the management of COVID-19 in this province. Using the framework of Palagyi et al. on system preparedness toward emerging infectious diseases, we described and analyzed in a chronologically and narratively way: (1) how surveillance was structured; (2) how workforce issues were managed; (3) what infrastructures and medical supplies were made available; (4) what communication mechanisms were put in place; (5) what form of governance emerged; and (6) whether trust was established and maintained throughout the crisis. Our findings and observations stress that resilience and ability to adequately respond to a systemic and global crisis depend upon preexisting system-level characteristics and capacities at both the provincial and federal governance levels. By providing recommendations for policy and practice from a learning health system perspective, this paper contributes to the groundwork required for interdisciplinary research and genuine policy discussions to help health systems better prepare for future pandemics.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsCanadaHumansQuebecSARS-CoV-2governancehealth crisis managementhealth system preparednesshealth system readinesshealth system resiliencepandemic (COVID-19)public health policyQuebec (Canada)

Identifiers

PMID34222176
PMCPMC8249772

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.