Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34221854›Full record

ArticleResults in physics2021

Time series forecasting of new cases and new deaths rate for COVID-19 using deep learning methods.

Nooshin Ayoobi, Danial Sharifrazi, Roohallah Alizadehsani, Afshin Shoeibi, Juan M Gorriz, Hossein Moosaei, Abbas Khosravi, Saeid Nahavandi, Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh Chofreh, Feybi Ariani Goni and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Results in physics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Spatio-temporal epidemic forecasting with graph-based transformer.International journal of health geographics · 2026
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  8. Transformers for Energy Forecast.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Nooshin AyoobiDepartment of Mathematics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
Danial SharifraziDepartment of Computer Engineering, School of Technical and Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
Roohallah AlizadehsaniInstitute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia.
Afshin ShoeibiComputer Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Juan M GorrizDepartment of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, Universidad de Granada, Spain.
Hossein MoosaeiDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Bojnord, Iran.
Abbas KhosraviInstitute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia.
Saeid NahavandiInstitute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia.
Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh ChofrehSustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic.
Feybi Ariani GoniDepartment of Management, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Kolejní 2906/4, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Jiří Jaromír KlemešSustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic.
Amir MosaviJohn von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The first known case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in December 2019. It has spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic, imposed restrictions and costs to many countries. Predicting the number of new cases and deaths during this period can be a useful step in predicting the costs and facilities required in the future. The purpose of this study is to predict new cases and deaths rate one, three and seven-day ahead during the next 100 days. The motivation for predicting every n days (instead of just every day) is the investigation of the possibility of computational cost reduction and still achieving reasonable performance. Such a scenario may be encountered in real-time forecasting of time series. Six different deep learning methods are examined on the data adopted from the WHO website. Three methods are LSTM, Convolutional LSTM, and GRU. The bidirectional extension is then considered for each method to forecast the rate of new cases and new deaths in Australia and Iran countries. This study is novel as it carries out a comprehensive evaluation of the aforementioned three deep learning methods and their bidirectional extensions to perform prediction on COVID-19 new cases and new death rate time series. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Bi-GRU and Bi-Conv-LSTM models are used for prediction on COVID-19 new cases and new deaths time series. The evaluation of the methods is presented in the form of graphs and Friedman statistical test. The results show that the bidirectional models have lower errors than other models. A several error evaluation metrics are presented to compare all models, and finally, the superiority of bidirectional methods is determined. This research could be useful for organisations working against COVID-19 and determining their long-term plans.

Indexed as

ANFIS, Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference SystemANN, Artificial Neural NetworkAU, AustraliaBi-Conv-LSTM, Bidirectional Convolutional Long Short Term MemoryBidirectionalBi-GRU, Bidirectional Gated Recurrent UnitBi-LSTM, Bidirectional Long Short-Term MemoryConv-LSTM, Convolutional Long Short Term MemoryConvolutional Long Short Term Memory (Conv-LSTM)COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019COVID-19 PredictionDeep learningDL, Deep LearningDLSTM, Delayed Long Short-Term MemoryEMRO, Eastern Mediterranean Regional OfficeES, Exponential SmoothingEV, Explained VarianceGated Recurrent Unit (GRU)GRU, Gated Recurrent UnitIR, IranLasso, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection OperatorLong Short Term Memory (LSTM)LR, Linear RegressionLSTM, Long Short-Term MemoryMachine learningMAE, Mean Absolute ErrorMAPE, Mean Absolute Percentage ErrorMERS, Middle East Respiratory SyndromeML, Machine LearningMLP-ICA, Multi-layered Perceptron-Imperialist Competitive CalculationMSE, Mean Square ErrorMSLE, Mean Squared Log ErrorNew Cases of COVID-19New Deaths of COVID-19PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Precise Surveys and Meta-AnalysesReLU, Rectified Linear UnitRMSE, Root Mean Square ErrorRMSLE, Root Mean Squared Log ErrorRNN, Repetitive Neural NetworkSARS-COV-2, Serious Intense Respiratory Disorder Coronavirus 2SARS-COV, SARS coronavirusSARS, Serious Intense Respiratory DisorderSVM, Support Vector MachineVAE, Variational Auto EncoderWHO, World Health OrganizationWPRO, Western Pacific Regional Office

Identifiers

PMID34221854
PMCPMC8233414

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.