ArticlePeerJ2021
Particularities of the changes in young swimmers' body adaptation to the stimuli of physical and mental stress in sports training process.
Article in PeerJ, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acute and Short-Term Effects of Real-Time Feedback Neuromuscular Training on Vertical Jump Performance and Reactive Efficiency in Youth Basketball Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dmax-derived lactate-threshold intensity profiles and associated factors in adolescent swimmers: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Psyching-Up and Cognitive Challenges on Cognitive Performance and Well-Being in Adolescent Swimmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Freestyle master's swimming: Nationality, sex, and performance trends in World Aquatics competitions (1986-2024).PloS one · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA factor favoring the swimming performance increase is the adaptation and readaptation of body energetic and functional systems to the physical and mental stress stimuli in training and competitions. The efficiency of monitoring the young swimmers' training is based on a precise determination of the changes in the specific adaptations. The evaluation and control of the biochemical, mental and motor changes ensure the knowledge of the particularities of body adaptation in different training stages.
methodsSix young swimmers aged 12-16 years specialized in 100 m event participated in this study, conducted in four stages (E1-general, E2-specific, E3-pre-competitive and E4-competitive). The distress occurrence during adaptation to training and competition stimuli was studied in 3 levels: mental (Cohen & Williamson Test (CWT), Cohen Perceived Stress Test (CPST), Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT), Crăciun Test (CT)), motor (workouts monitoring, planning of means on training areas, anaerobic threshold assessment and average training speed calculation) and biochemical (blood lactate (La) and blood glucose (Glu) before and after effort-5 and 15 minutes; level of metabolic biochemical parameters, lymphocytes and blood glucose, and also hormonal parameters-norepinephrine, prolactin and cortisol-before and after competition effort).
resultsQuantity results of the mental, motor and biochemical tests were analyzed in groups; the quality results for each subject in dynamics were analyzed by comparison and correlation. Psychological tests showed increases in athletes' mental behavior by 34% at CWT (
conclusionThe research demonstrated that the mental and biochemical tests results correlation with the specific motor tests facilitated the correct individualization of effort orientation in training and recovery and contributed to the knowledge of the particularities of young swimmers' body adaptation to training and competition effort.
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