ArticleSurgical neurology international2021
Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of human skull diploic venous anatomy.
Article in Surgical neurology international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- A proposed mechanism for intracranial venous lake thrombosis in patients with intracranial signs of hypotension after dural instrumentation.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Skull bone marrow channels as immune gateways to the central nervous system.Nature neuroscience · 2023Review
- Evaluating diploic vein blood flow using time-resolved whole-head computed tomography angiography and determining the positional relationship between typical craniotomy approaches and diploic veins in patients with meningioma.Acta neurochirurgica · 2022Article
- Does diploic venous flow drain extracranially in the pterional area? A magnetic resonance imaging study.Surgical neurology international · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe skull diploic venous space (DVS) represents a potential route for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion and absorption in the treatment of hydrocephalus. The goal of this study was to carry out a detailed characterization of the drainage pattern of the DVS of the skull using high-resolution MRI, especially the diploic veins draining to the lacunae laterales (LLs) since the LLs constitute an important channel for the CSF to access the superior sagittal sinus and subsequently the systemic circulation. The objective was to identify those skull regions optimally suited for an intraosseous CSF diversion system.
methodsHigh-resolution, T1-weighted MRI scans from 20 adult and 16 pediatric subjects were selected for analysis. Skulls were divided into four regions, that is, frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. On each scan, a trained observer counted all diploic veins in every skull region. Each diploic vein was also followed to determine its final drainage pathway (i.e., dural venous sinus, dural vein, LL, or indeterminate).
resultsIn the adult age group, the frontal and occipital skull regions showed the highest number of diploic veins. However, the highest number of draining diploic veins connecting to the lacunae lateralis was found in the frontal and parietal skull region, just anterior and just posterior to the coronal suture. In the pediatric age group, the parietal skull region, just posterior to the coronal suture, showed the highest overall number of diploic veins and also the highest number of draining diploic veins connecting to the LL.
conclusionThis study suggested that diploic venous density across the skull varies with age, with more parietal diploic veins in the pediatric age range, and more occipital and frontal diploic veins in adults. If the DVS is ultimately used for CSF diversion, our anatomical data point to optimal sites for the insertion of specially designed intraosseous infusion devices for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Likely the optimal sites for CSF diversion would be the parietal region just posterior to the coronal suture in children, and in adults, frontal and/or parietal just anterior or just posterior to the coronal suture.
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