ReviewAging and disease2021
An Update on Medical and Surgical Treatments of Parkinson's Disease.
Review in Aging and disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine learning methods for the detection and prediction of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves cognition, depression, and walking ability in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects and parameters of community-based exercise on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Feasibility randomized controlled trial of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to reduce falls in Parkinson's disease.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- A study of the correlation between cognitive function and thyroid hormones in patients with Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Comparison betweenQuantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease: Unique Features and Management Approaches.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Parkinson's Disease: The Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Molecular Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Therapy.MedComm · 2025Review
- Selenium and resveratrol attenuate rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in zebrafish model.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- A comprehensive review of natural compounds and their structure-activity relationship in Parkinson's disease: exploring potential mechanisms.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Modulating the cholinergic system-Novel targets for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
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- Carpesii fructus extract exhibits neuroprotective effects in cellular and Caenorhabditis elegans models of Parkinson's disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- The mechanistic effects of acupuncture in rodent neurodegenerative disease models: a literature review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Magnetic resonance imaging of brain structural and functional changes in cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
- Future Directions for Developing Non-dopaminergic Strategies for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.Translational neurodegeneration · 2023Review
- The Effects ofNutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and other neuronal populations. The worldwide prevalence of PD is over 7 million and has been increasing more rapidly than many other neurodegenerative disorders. PD symptoms can be broadly divided into motor (slowness, stiffness, tremor) and non-motor symptoms (such as depression, dementia, psychosis, orthostatic hypotension). Patients can also have prodromal symptoms of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, hyposmia, and constipation. The diagnosis of PD is mainly clinical, but dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography can improve the accuracy of the diagnosis. Dopamine based therapies are used for the treatment of motor symptoms. Non-motor symptoms are treated with other medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (depression/anxiety), acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (dementia), and atypical antipsychotics (psychosis). Patients with motor fluctuations or uncontrolled tremor, benefit from deep brain stimulation. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel is an alternative to deep brain stimulation for uncontrolled motor fluctuations. Rehabilitative therapies such as physical, occupational, and speech therapy are important during all stages of the disease. Management of PD is complex but there have been significant advancements in the treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms over the past few years. This review discusses the updates in the medical and surgical management of PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.