ArticleMultidisciplinary respiratory medicine2021
Differential alterations in peripheral lymphocyte subsets in COVID-19 patients: upregulation of double-positive and double-negative T cells.
Article in Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Persistent lymphocytopenia in convalescent patients with COVID-19: dysregulated B cell, CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Identification of blood immunological biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pandemic in Poland.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Nonspecific increase of αβTCRWorld journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Observational
- Persistent CD19Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Legend or Truth: Mature CD4Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Zebrafish models of COVID-19.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- The deciphering of the immune cells and marker signature in COVID-19 pathogenesis: An update.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Randomized double-blind clinical study in patients with COVID-19 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a phytomedicine (P2Et).Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Mild and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Convalescents Present Long-Term Endotype of Immunosuppression Associated With Neutrophil Subsets Possessing Regulatory Functions.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundViral infections cause alteration in the total number of lymphocytes and their subset distribution. We aimed to study peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in COVID-19 patients and to correlate these subsets with clinical and laboratory data, which may help in clarifying the pathogenesis to develop novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for COVID-19.
methodsTwenty-six reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 patients were subjected to medical history-taking and a thorough clinical examination. Laboratory tests included complete blood count, D dimer, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Chest CT was used to diagnose COVID-19 pneumonia. Lymphocyte subsets were compared with those in 20 healthy controls using flow cytometry.
resultsLeucopenia, relative neutrophilia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia together with marked elevation in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were observed in our COVID-19 patients. A marked reduction was observed in T cells, including both CD4 and CD8 cells, natural killer (NK), and natural killer T cells (NKT). Double-positive T (DPT) cells, double-negative T (DNT) cells, and B cells were elevated in the patients relative to the other lymphocyte subsets.
conclusionImmune-inflammatory parameters are of utmost importance in understanding the pathogenesis and in the provisional diagnosis of COVID-19. Yet, adequate care must be taken during their interpretation because of the vast discrepancies observed between studies even in the same locality. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of B cells, DPT, and DNT cells in the pathogenesis and control of COVID-19.
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