ReviewFrontiers in physiology2021
Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Gut Microbiota: State of Knowledge.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiota Alterations in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Multi-species probiotic supplement enhances vagal nerve function - results of a randomized controlled trial in patients with depression and healthy controls.Gut microbes · 2025Trial
- Impact of bread diet on intestinal dysbiosis and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in quiescent ulcerative colitis: A pilot study.PloS one · 2024Trial
- MiSurv: an Integrative Web Cloud Platform for User-Friendly Microbiome Data Analysis with Survival Responses.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Trial
- Investigation of the Gut Microbiome in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia Compared to Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study: Étude du microbiome intestinal chez les patients atteints de schizophrénie résistante au traitement par rapport aux témoins sains : étude pilote transversale.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2026Article
- The role of the gut microbiome in nicotine withdrawal and dependence.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Metabolite 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, modulated by cigarette smoke exposure, functions as a protective factor in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Cigarette smoke extract exposure induces gut microbial dysbiosis and impairs short-chain fatty acid metabolism in juvenile rats.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Resilience and Environmental Stressors: A Hidden Key to Lifespan Optimization?Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Exploring community-level gut health amidst COVID-19 pandemic: a proposed application of longitudinal wastewater surveillance.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- Smoking-associated modulation of gut microbiota shapes response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- The Gut-Lung Microbiome Crosstalk and Pulmonary Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Gastroenteritis in middle-aged and elderly adults in rural China: associations with sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota profiling of the population residing in Friuli-Venezia Giulia through next-generation sequencing.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Laboratory Analysis of FecalHealth science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Shaping the Female Microbiome: A Review of Lifestyle Factors Influencing the Vaginal, Gut, Oral, and Skin Microenvironments.Microbial ecology · 2026Review
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Unraveling Shared Pathways and Clinical Interactions.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Characterization of the Gastric Antrum Microbiome inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex-specific metabolic and microbial remodeling in a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease following nicotine administration.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a representative source of toxic chemical exposures to humans, and the adverse consequences of cigarette smoking are mediated by its effect on both neuronal and immune-inflammatory systems. Cigarette smoking also is a major risk factor for intestinal disorders, such as Crohn's disease and peptic ulcer. On the other hand, cigarette smoking is protective against developing ulcerative colitis. The effects of cigarette smoking on intestinal disorders include changes in intestinal irrigation and microbiome, increases in permeability of the mucosa, and impaired mucosal immune responses. However, the underlying mechanism linking cigarette smoking with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is largely unknown. In this communication, we first review the current knowledge about the mechanistic interaction between cigarette smoke and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, which include the likely actions of nicotine, aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, volatile organic compounds and toxic gases, and then reveal the potential mechanisms of the lung-gut cross talk and skin-gut cross talk in regulating the balance of intestinal microbiota and the interrelation of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and systemic disorders.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.