ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2021
Serum and Fecal Markers of Intestinal Inflammation and Intestinal Barrier Permeability Are Elevated in Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ketogenic Diet Interventions in Parkinson's Disease: Safeguarding the Gut Microbiome
The Effect of Aerobic Training on Total Antioxidant Status, Total Oxidant Status, Glutathione, Oxidative Glutathione and Zonulin Levels in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut-brain axis dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of microbiome dysbiosis and intestinal barrier markers.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- An open label, non-randomized study assessing a prebiotic fiber intervention in a small cohort of Parkinson's disease participants.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Review
- Article
- Serum LBP and zonulin levels with brain MRS findings and gastrointestinal symptoms in schizophrenia and health.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanistic Insights into Microbial-Host Interactions.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Article
- Synergistic Effects of Plant Polysaccharides and Probiotics: A Novel Dietary Approach for Parkinson's Disease Intervention.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Of the manuscript: relationship between serum Zonulin level and sarcopenia in Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Observational
- From dysbiosis to dysfunction: specific gut microbes and metabolites in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.Sustainable microbiology · 2026Review
- Unveiling Butyrate as a Parkinson's Disease Therapy.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Immune and metabolic signatures characterise constipation-driven endophenotypes in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Stool Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Is Elevated in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Insights: Analysis of a Fecal Biomarker in Neurodegenerative and Gastrointestinal Disorders.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Serum Zonulin and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Levels in Early Myocardial Infarction: Association with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- An update on the involvement of inflammatory mediators in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- The potential role of serum and urine galectin-3 values in the diagnosis and staging of Parkinson's disease.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Alpha Pinene Affects Intestinal Permeability and Protects the Gastrointestinal System Against Rotenone Toxicity via the Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway in Rats.Neurotoxicity research · 2025Article
- Intestinal biomarkers, microbiota composition, and genetic predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease as predictors of Parkinson's disease manifestation.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by alpha-synuclein misfolding with subsequent intraneuronal amyloid formation and accumulation, low grade neuroinflammatory changes, and selective neurodegeneration. Available evidence suggests that the pathology usually begins in the gut and olfactory mucosa, spreading to the brain via the vagus and olfactory nerves, by a prion-like mechanism. A causal relationship has not been established, but gut dysbiosis is prevalent in PD and may lead to intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction. Additionally, epidemiological data indicate a link between inflammatory bowel diseases and PD. Calprotectin and zonulin are markers of intestinal inflammation and barrier permeability, respectively. We evaluated their serum and fecal levels in 22 patients with sporadic PD and 16 unmatched healthy controls. Mean calprotectin was higher in PD, both in serum (14.26 mcg/ml ± 4.50 vs. 5.94 mcg/ml ± 3.80,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.