ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2021
Reassessment of Pioglitazone for Alzheimer's Disease.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring Disulfide Bridge as a Tool to Improve Pioglitazone's Neuroprotective Potential: Toward the Development of Prolonged-Acting MAO-B/PPARγ Modulators.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Leveraging Advanced AI Frameworks for Dual PPAR α/γ Agonist Discovery in Alzheimer's Disease.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Experimental Models and Translational Strategies in Neuroprotective Drug Development with Emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pharmacological modulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β axis: a new frontier in Alzheimer's disease treatment.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Neuroprotective Effect of Paraoxonase 1 in Neurodegenerative Diseases Focusing on Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Targeting of the PI3 K/AKT/GSK3β Pathway in Parkinson's Disease: A Therapeutic Blueprint.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Adipokines at the Metabolic-Brain Interface: Therapeutic Modulation by Antidiabetic Agents and Natural Compounds in Alzheimer's Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone reduces Islet amyloid aggregation overload in the Drosophila neuronal cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Ineffectiveness of pioglitazone in cognitive impairment induced by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil via oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Quantitative 3D histochemistry reveals region-specific amyloid-β reduction by the antidiabetic drug netoglitazone.PloS one · 2025Article
- Alzheimer's Disease as Type 3 Diabetes: Understanding the Link and Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Comparing regional brain uptake of incretin receptor agonists after intranasal delivery in CD-1 mice and the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Insulin resistance as the molecular link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.World journal of diabetes · 2024Review
- Article
- Prostaglandins in the Inflamed Central Nervous System: Potential Therapeutic Targets.Current drug targets · 2024Review
- Review
- Double Attack to Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders: MAO-B and Nrf2 as Elected Targets.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mitochondrial DNA and Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress as a Link between Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Bioinformatics pipeline to guide post-GWAS studies in Alzheimer's: A new catalogue of disease candidate short structural variants.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a quintessential 'unmet medical need', accounting for ∼65% of progressive cognitive impairment among the elderly, and 700,000 deaths in the United States in 2020. In 2019, the cost of caring for Alzheimer's sufferers was $244B, not including the emotional and physical toll on caregivers. In spite of this dismal reality, no treatments are available that reduce the risk of developing AD or that offer prolonged mitiagation of its most devestating symptoms. This review summarizes key aspects of the biology and genetics of Alzheimer's disease, and we describe how pioglitazone improves many of the patholophysiological determinants of AD. We also summarize the results of pre-clinical experiments, longitudinal observational studies, and clinical trials. The results of animal testing suggest that pioglitazone can be corrective as well as protective, and that its efficacy is enhanced in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but the dose-effect relations are not monotonic or sigmoid. Longitudinal cohort studies suggests that it delays the onset of dementia in individuals with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus, which small scale, unblinded pilot studies seem to confirm. However, the results of placebo-controlled, blinded clinical trials have not borne this out, and we discuss possible explanations for these discrepancies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.