ArticleLiver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver2021
The relationship between frailty and cirrhosis etiology: From the Functional Assessment in Liver Transplantation (FrAILT) Study.
Article in Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive Value of Frailty on Outcomes of Patients With Cirrhosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Pooled it
- Pain as a predictor of incident frailty in middle-aged and older adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a prospective cohort study using machine learning and external validation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- High Hospitalization Rates and Risk Factors Among Frail Patients With Cirrhosis: A 10-year Population-based Cohort Study.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2025Article
- Liver frailty and impact of liver transplants on transplanted patients' health.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2025Article
- Etiology-Specific Effects of Impaired Functional Status on Liver Transplant Outcomes.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Article
- Frailty after Liver Transplantation: A Complex Unexplored Issue.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Comparing Functional Frailty and Radiographic Sarcopenia as Predictors of Outcomes After Liver Transplant.Clinical transplantation · 2024Article
- Clinical Overview of Sarcopenia, Frailty, and Malnutrition in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis.Gastroenterology research · 2024Review
- Article
- The prevalence and characteristics of frailty in cirrhosis patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- [Research progress on the correlation between cirrhosis and frailty].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2023Review
- Frailty as a predictor of poor outcomes among patients awaiting liver transplant: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2023Review
- Frailty and solid-organ transplant candidates: a scoping review.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Fatty Liver Disease: Diagnosis and Stratification.Annual review of medicine · 2022Review
- Editorial: Sarcopenia, Frailty and Nutrition in Liver Diseases.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- CONUT Score Predicts Early Morbidity After Liver Transplantation: A Collaborative Study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Frailty in metabolic syndrome, focusing on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Annals of gastroenterologyReview
- Prevalence of Frailty and Its Impact on Mortality and Hospitalization in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of clinical and experimental hepatologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsCirrhosis leads to malnutrition and muscle wasting that manifests as frailty, which may be influenced by cirrhosis aetiology. We aimed to characterize the relationship between frailty and cirrhosis aetiology.
methodsIncluded were adults with cirrhosis listed for liver transplantation (LT) at 10 US centrer who underwent ambulatory testing with the Liver Frailty Index (LFI; 'frail' = LFI ≥ 4.4). We used logistic regression to associate aetiologies and frailty, and competing risk regression (LT as the competing risk) to determine associations with waitlist mortality (death/delisting for sickness).
resultsOf 1,623 patients, rates of frailty differed by aetiology: 22% in chronic hepatitis C, 31% in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), 32% in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 21% in autoimmune/cholestatic and 31% in 'other' (P < .001). In univariable logistic regression, ALD (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12-2.09), NAFLD (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.18-2.29) and 'other' (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.06-2.36) were associated with frailty. In multivariable logistic regression, only ALD (OR 1.40; 95% 1.01-1.94) and 'other' (OR 1.59; 95% 1.05-2.40) remained associated with frailty. A total of 281 (17%) patients died/were delisted for sickness. In multivariable competing risk regression, LFI was associated with waitlist mortality (sHR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06), but aetiology was not (P > .05 for each). No interaction between frailty and aetiology on the association with waitlist mortality was found (P > .05 for each interaction term).
conclusionsFrailty is more common in patients with ALD, NAFLD and 'other' aetiologies. However, frailty was associated with waitlist mortality independent of cirrhosis aetiology, supporting the applicability of frailty across all cirrhosis aetiologies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.