Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34219242›Full record

ArticleJournal of the experimental analysis of behavior2021

Destructive behavior increases as a function of reductions in alternative reinforcement during schedule thinning: A retrospective quantitative analysis.

Timothy A Shahan, Brian D Greer

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05790668 (Motivational Refinements for Facilitating Reinforcement Schedule Thinning), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05790668 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Motivational Refinements for Facilitating Reinforcement Schedule Thinning

TypeinterventionalSponsorRutgers, The State University of New JerseyRan2023 to 2028Enrolled30ConditionsDecreasing Destructive Behavior, Increasing Functional Communicative BehaviorArmsTraditional Schedule Thinning, PIA-Informed Schedule Thinning, PIA-Informed Schedule Thinning with Competing Stimuli
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Human-operant evaluation of synthesized alternative reinforcement and resurgence.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. A scoping review of consecutive controlled case series studies.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Translational evaluation of on/off alternative reinforcement cycling.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Relapse and its mitigation: Toward behavioral inoculation.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2023
    Review
  16. Basic and applied research on extinction bursts.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2023
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Timothy A ShahanUtah State University.ORCID 0000-0002-6338-8714
Brian D GreerChildren's Specialized Hospital-Rutgers University Center for Autism Research, Education, and Services (CSH-RUCARES).ORCID 0000-0001-8256-9994

Funding

Basic and Clinical Studies in Reinforcing Positive Behaviors in Intellectual and Developmental DisabilitiesR01HD093734 · NICHD · UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Timothy A Shahan · 2018 to 2026
$5.2M
Stimulus Control Refinements of Functional Communication Training in IDR01HD079113 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI FISHER, WAYNE WILLIAM · 2014 to 2023
$4.5M
Preventing relapse of destructive behavior using behavioral momentum theoryR01HD083214 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI FISHER, WAYNE WILLIAM · 2015 to 2019
$2.2M
NICHD NIH HHS 2R01HD079113NICHD NIH HHS 5R01HD083214NICHD NIH HHS 5R01HD093734NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD079113NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD083214NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD093734
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The behavioral processes determining the magnitude of the resurgence of destructive behavior during reinforcement schedule thinning have yet to be described, despite an uptick in prevalence research on the topic. As predicted by Resurgence as Choice theory, recent animal research has found that resurgence increases with the magnitude of a downshift in alternative reinforcement. Here we reanalyze the data from 2 recent prevalence studies to determine whether the size of the decrease in alternative reinforcement availability predicts the magnitude of resurgence in the clinic. Results from this retrospective analysis suggest that resurgence of destructive behavior increases significantly with decreases in the availability of alternative reinforcement. Implications for future research and translations of theoretical analyses to the clinic are discussed.

Indexed as

Behavior TherapyExtinction, PsychologicalAnimalsConditioning, OperantReinforcement, PsychologyReinforcement ScheduleRetrospective Studiesdestructive behaviorfunctional communication trainingreinforcement schedule thinningresurgencetranslational research

Identifiers

PMID34219242
PMCPMC8491516

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.