SynthesisAmerican journal of preventive medicine2021
Supervised Injection Facilities as Harm Reduction: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in American journal of preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- Supervised consumption sites and population-level overdose mortality: a systematic review of recent evidence, 2016-2024.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of harm minimization interventions on reducing blood-borne infection transmission and some injecting behaviors among people who inject drugs: an overview and evidence gap mapping.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Pooled it
- The utilization and delivery of safer smoking practices and services: a narrative synthesis of the literature.Harm reduction journal · 2023Pooled it
- Implementation and sustainability of safe consumption sites: a qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis.Harm reduction journal · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- A call for action: Closing the evidence gap in management of stimulant-induced psychosis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- The association between naloxone distribution, buprenorphine treatment and retention and incident high-risk opioid prescribing with opioid overdose death in Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York and Ohio, United States: An exploratory community-level cohort study of data from the HEALing Communities Study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Observational
- A wearable acoustofluidic patch for rapid reversal of opioid overdose.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Response to Crockford et al.: Healthcare utilization and mortality after overdose prevention site closure: A linked cohort analysis using segmented difference-in-differences time series.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Methamphetamine Use and HIV Risk Behaviors in a Cohort of Homeless-Experienced Adults Who Use Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- A community-based systematic review of economic evaluations of overdose prevention sites for people who use drugs: a study protocol.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Self-Injury Mortality: Global Ascertainment and Prevention.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2026Review
- Safe Supply at Insite, North America's First Supervised Consumption Site: A Case Report of Reduced Harms From the Toxic Drug Supply in a Client Prescribed Powdered Fentanyl Alternative.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Attitudes to Drug Policy in Australia, 2001-2022/23: What Does This Mean for Drug Policy Reform in Australia?Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- All-cause mortality and overdose deaths among 4192 people who inject drugs in Stockholm: a 10-year register-based cohort study.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Association between the location of Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) providers and heroin-related ambulance attendances.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Overdose Prevention Centers and Neighborhood Commercial Activity in New York City.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Weather-Related Trends in Drug Use Incidents Aboard Transit Vehicles.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Use of clinic- and community-based overdose prevention services by sex workers who use drugs: findings from a community-based cohort in Vancouver, Canada (2017-2024).Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Benefits and barriers: a rapid-ethnographic study on the perspectives of potential and actual clients of Athens' drug consumption room.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextSupervised injection facilities are harm reduction interventions that allow people who inject drugs to use previously obtained substances under the supervision of health professionals. Although currently considered illegal under U.S. federal law, several U.S. cities are considering implementing supervised injection facilities anyway as a response to the escalating overdose crisis. The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of supervised injection facilities, compared with that of control conditions, for harm reduction and community outcomes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Studies were identified from 2 sources: a high-quality, broader review examining supervised injection facility-induced benefits and harms (from database inception to January 2014) and an updated search using the same search strategy (January 2014‒September 2019). Systematic review methods developed by the Guide to Community Preventive Services were used (screening and analysis, September 2019‒December 2020). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: A total of 22 studies were included in this review: 16 focused on 1 supervised injection facility in Vancouver, Canada. Quantitative synthesis was not conducted given inconsistent outcome measurement across the studies. Supervised injection facilities in the included studies (n=number of studies per outcome category) were mostly associated with significant reductions in opioid overdose morbidity and mortality (n=5), significant improvements in injection behaviors and harm reduction (n=7), significant improvements in access to addiction treatment programs (n=7), and no increase or reductions in crime and public nuisance (n=7).
conclusionsFor people who inject drugs, supervised injection facilities may reduce the risk of overdose morbidity and mortality and improve access to care while not increasing crime or public nuisance to the surrounding community.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.