Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34218734›Full record

ReviewWaste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA2021

Sustainable waste management of medical waste in African developing countries: A narrative review.

Jade Megan Chisholm, Reza Zamani, Abdelazim M Negm, Noha Said, Mahmoud M Abdel Daiem, Mahdieh Dibaj, Mohammad Akrami

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
28.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 214 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Does medical waste research during COVID-19 meet the challenge induced by the pandemic to waste management?Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA · 2024
    Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. From guesstimates to game changers: Introducing objective measurement of blood loss for timely postpartum hemorrhage detection in Nigeria, Zambia, and Kenya.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Exploring pharmaceutical waste management in Southern Africa: a scoping review.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Jade Megan ChisholmMedical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Reza ZamaniMedical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-4846
Abdelazim M NegmWater and Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4838-5558
Noha SaidEnvironmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Mahmoud M Abdel DaiemEnvironmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Mahdieh DibajDepartment of Engineering, College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Mohammad AkramiDepartment of Engineering, College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-8022
University of Exeter · GBZagazig University · EG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Africa is the second populous continent, and its population has the fastest growing rate. Some African countries are still plagued by poverty, poor sanitary conditions and limited resources, such as clean drinking water, food supply, electricity, and effective waste management systems. Underfunded healthcare systems, poor training and lack of awareness of policies and legislations on handling medical waste have led to increased improper handling of waste within hospitals, healthcare facilities and transportation and storage of medical waste. Some countries, including Ethiopia, Botswana, Nigeria and Algeria, do not have national guidelines in place to adhere to the correct disposal of such wastage. Incineration is often the favoured disposal method due to the rapid diminishment of up to 90% of waste, as well as production of heat for boilers or for energy production. This type of method - if not applying the right technologies - potentially creates hazardous risks of its own, such as harmful emissions and residuals. In this study, the sustainability aspects of medical waste management in Africa were reviewed to present resilient solutions for health and environment protection for the next generation in Africa. The findings of this research introduce policies, possible advices and solutions associated with sustainability and medical waste management that can support decision-makers in developing strategies for the sustainability by using the eco-friendly technologies for efficient medical waste treatment and disposal methods and also can serve as a link between the healthcare system, decision-makers, and stakeholders in developing health policies and programmes.

Indexed as

Medical WasteMedical Waste DisposalWaste ManagementBotswanaDeveloping CountriesHazardous WasteHazardous WasteMedical WasteMedical Waste DisposalAfricadeveloping countrieshealthcare wastepharmaceuticalsustainabilitywaste management

Identifiers

PMID34218734
PMCPMC8488638
OpenAlexW3181972740

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.