Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34218716›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2022

Trends in U.S. Insulin Use and Glucose Monitoring for People with Diabetes: 2009-2018.

Magaly Perez-Nieves, Rattan Juneja, Ludi Fan, Eric Meadows, Maureen J Lage, Elizabeth L Eby

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Insulin Pumps for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Observational
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Magaly Perez-NievesEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Rattan JunejaEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Ludi FanEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Eric MeadowsEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Maureen J LageHealthMetrics Outcomes Research, Bonita Springs, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4961-2027
Elizabeth L EbyEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Eli Lilly (United States) · USHealth Outcomes Solutions (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe delivery and administration of insulin has undergone many changes over the years. This research examines U.S. trends in insulin use among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the U.S. from 2009 to 2018.

methodsThe IBM

resultsIndividuals with T1D were most commonly prescribed a basal and bolus insulin regimen or short/rapid insulin only, while for people with T2D the use of basal-only insulin increased significantly over the study period. In both groups there was a significant decline in the use of premix insulin from 2009 to 2018. Insulin pump use increased for individuals with T1D, while disposable pen use increased for people in both cohorts. In both cohorts, there was a statistically significant increase in the use of continuous glucose monitoring, although this increase was more pronounced and occurred earlier among individuals with T1D.

conclusionsResults indicate significant changes in insulin regimens and delivery and glucose monitoring from 2009 to 2018. These findings suggest that insulin prescribing continues to change in response to the development of new therapeutics, advances in insulin delivery technology, and glucose monitoring systems.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2AgedBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringGlucoseHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMedicareUnited StatesBlood GlucoseGlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinglucose monitoringinsulininsulin devicestype 1 diabetestype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID34218716
PMCPMC9631534
OpenAlexW3179574481

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.