Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34218514›Full record

Observational studyJournal of neuropsychology2022

Verbal working memory and processing speed: Correlations with the severity of attention deficit and emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD.

Espen Anker, Geir Ogrim, Trond Heir

Open access · hybridAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of neuropsychology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Neurocognitive Profiles of Early Adulthood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Espen AnkerOslo ADHD Clinic, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4960-1715
Geir OgrimØstfold Hospital Trust, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-6456
Trond HeirInstitute of clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9616-0145
Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway · NOØstfold Hospital Trust · NOUniversity of Oslo · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), emphasizes symptoms severity with regard to the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many clinicians use neuropsychological test results as objective measures of cognitive functions as part of the diagnostic work-up. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the psychometric test results regarding verbal working memory and processing speed are useful as indicators of the severity of attention deficits and emotional dysregulation in adults with ADHD.

methodsThis observational cross-sectional clinical study included 418 adults diagnosed with ADHD according to the DSM-5. Attention deficit severity was defined based on the inattentive subscale of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Emotional dysregulation was assessed with the Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation scale. Verbal working memory was measured with the Working Memory Index (WMI), and processing speed was measured with the Processing Speed Index (PSI) from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition.

resultsThe full-scale intelligence quotients of the participants were in the normal range, with expected reductions in verbal working memory and processing speed. Only processing speed was associated with attention deficits (β = -.056, p = .003). The association between the psychometric test result for verbal working memory and processing speed and that between the severity of attention deficits and emotional dysregulation were weak (R

conclusionThe psychometric index scores for verbal working memory (WMI) and processing speed (PSI) seem to have limited utility as indicators of the severity of attention deficits and emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD patients.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAdultCognitionCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMemory, Short-TermNeuropsychological TestsAdult ADHD Self-Report ScaleAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorderemotional dysregulationprocessing speedWechsler Adult Intelligence Scaleworking memory

Identifiers

PMID34218514
PMCPMC9290636
OpenAlexW3181475807

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.