ReviewOphthalmology and therapy2021
The Emerging Role of Topical Ocular Drugs to Target the Posterior Eye.
Review in Ophthalmology and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Trehalose, Sodium Hyaluronate and N-Acetyl Aspartyl-Glutamic Acid Artificial Tears on Ocular Surface Parameters in Glaucoma Patients Receiving Preserved and Preservative-Free Prostaglandins.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- From Tears to Toxins: Mapping Antibiotic Passage Through the Eye-Liver Axis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comprehensive insights into the role of nanocarriers in advancing azole-based ocular therapeutics.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Progress in Hyaluronan-Based Nanoencapsulation Systems for Smart Drug Release and Medical Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Quasi-3D Mechanistic Model for Predicting Eye Drop Distribution in the Human Tear Film.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Lipid nanoparticle technology-mediated therapeutic gene manipulation in the eyes.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Biodegradable microspheres come into sight: A promising biomaterial for delivering drug to the posterior segment of the eyeball.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Sustained and Efficient Delivery of Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor by the Adeno-associated Virus for the Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization: An Outlook for Its Clinical Translation.Journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Breaking Barriers: Nanomedicine-Based Drug Delivery for Cataract Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Nanotechnology-based ocular drug delivery systems: recent advances and future prospects.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- The Evolution of Triamcinolone Acetonide Therapeutic Use in Retinal Diseases: From Off-Label Intravitreal Injection to Advanced Nano-Drug Delivery Systems.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Exosome-based crosstalk in glaucoma pathogenesis: a focus on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Lipid Nanoparticles as a Promising Drug Delivery Carrier for Topical Ocular Therapy-An Overview on Recent Advances.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Topical Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic fundus diseases is increasing with the aging of the general population. The treatment of these intraocular diseases relies on invasive drug delivery because of the globular structure and multiple barriers of the eye. Frequent intraocular injections bring heavy burdens to the medical care system and patients. The use of topical drugs to treat retinal diseases has always been an attractive solution. The fast development of new materials and technologies brings the possibility to develop innovative topical formulations. This article reviews anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye which affect the bioavailability of topical drugs. In addition, we summarize innovative topical formulations which enhance the permeability of drugs through the ocular surface and/or extend the drug retention time in the eye. This article also reviews the differences of eyes between different laboratory animals to address the translational challenges of preclinical models. The fast development of in vitro eye models may provide more tools to increase the clinical translationality of topical formulations for intraocular diseases. Clinical successes of topical formulations rely on continuous and collaborative efforts between different disciplines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.