Trial reportThe Journal of pediatrics2021
Intracranial Hemorrhage and 2-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Born Extremely Preterm.
Trial report in The Journal of pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine learning techniques for predicting neurodevelopmental impairments in premature infants: a systematic review.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Pooled it
- Lung Recruitment Before Surfactant Administration in Extremely Preterm Neonates: 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Time to regain birthweight and association with neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely preterm newborns.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Trial
- Construction and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Early Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Cranial Ultrasonography-Standards in Diagnosis of Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Ventricular Dilatation in Premature Neonates.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The performance of the practices associated with the occurrence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage in the very premature infants: data analysis from the Chinese neonatal network.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Preterm infants variability in cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy measurements in the first 72-h after birth.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Three-dimensional cranial ultrasound and functional near-infrared spectroscopy for bedside monitoring of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Predicting 2-year neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm infants using graphical network and machine learning approaches.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- The role of blood pressure variability indicators combined with cerebral blood flow parameters in predicting intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight preterm infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Grading of Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Neurodevelopment in Preterm <29 Weeks’ GA in CanadaChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Explainable machine learning models for predicting 30-day readmission in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: A multicenter, retrospective study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Lateral Kangaroo Care in Hemodynamic Stability of Extremely Preterm Infants: Protocol Study for a Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial CANGULAT.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the incidence, timing, progression, and risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in infants 24 STUDY
designInfants enrolled in the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial had serial cranial ultrasound scans performed on day 1, day 7-9, and 36 weeks of postmenstrual age to evaluate ICH. Potential risk factors for development of ICH were examined. Outcomes included death or severe NDI as well as Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition, at 2 years of corrected age.
resultsICH was identified in 38% (n = 339) of 883 enrolled infants. Multiple gestation and cesarean delivery reduced the risk of any ICH on day 1. Risk factors for development of bilateral Grade 2, Grade 3, or Grade 4 ICH at day 7-9 included any ICH at day 1; 2 or more doses of prenatal steroids decreased risk. Bilateral Grade 2, Grade 3, or Grade 4 ICH at 36 weeks were associated with previous ICH at day 7-9. Bilateral Grade 2, any Grade 3, and any Grade 4 ICH at 7-9 days or 36 weeks of postmenstrual age were associated with increased risk of death or severe NDI and lower Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition, scores.
conclusionsRisk factors for ICH varied by timing of bleed. Bilateral and increasing grade of ICH were associated with death or NDI in infants born extremely preterm.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.